普通法的訴訟形式 · 令狀精選
從土地相關令狀開始
Praecipe in Capite
直屬封臣權利令狀
Rex vicecomite salutem．Praecipe X quod juste et sine dilatione reddat A unum mesuagium cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone quod clamat esse jus et haereditatem suam et tenere de nobis in capite et unde queritur quod praedictus X ei injuste deforciat ut dicit．Et nisi fecerit, et praedicuts A fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo,tunc summone eum per bonos summonitores quod sit coram justiciariis nostris apud Westmonastrium (1) (tali die) ostensurus quare non fecerit．Et habeas ibi summonitores et hoc breve. (2)
The King to the sheriff greeting. Command X that justly and withoutdelay he render to A one messuage with the appurtenances in Trumpington which he claims to be his right and inheritance, and to hold of us in chief and whereof he complains that the aforesaid X unjustly deforceth (3) him．And unless he will do this, and（if）the aforesaid A shall give you security to prosecute his claim, then summon by good summoners the aforesd (4) X that he be before our justices at Westminster ［on such a day］ to show wherefore he hath not done it．And have there the summoners and this writ.
國王向郡長致意。茲命令X即刻公正且不遲延地將其聲稱享有權利並繼承的在特龍平頓的住宅及其附屬建築交還A，A以朕的直屬封臣的身份保有此等地產並據此控告X非法驅逐了他。除非X交還原物，否則，在原告A為執行自己的請求對你提供了擔保的情況下，特派能幹之送達吏告知上述X必須在（在某某日）於威斯敏斯特出庭說明他拒絕執行的原因。朕命你派遣送達吏並執行此令，特諭。
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(1) 即在民事訴訟高等法院。
(2) 菲茨赫伯特，《令狀選編》第51頁。菲茨赫伯特的《令狀選編》出版於1534年。當引用F.N.B.而沒有註明日期時，一般都指1533年的版本。這裡所加的譯文摘自1794年英文版本，目的是為了幫助學生理解，而此版本仍保留了1533年版本的頁碼標註。
(3) 即現代英語中的deforced。——譯者注
(4) 此處的aforesd 為aforesaid的縮寫。——譯者注
Breve de recto
權利令狀
Rex K（a bishop, baron or other lord of manor）salutem．Praecipimus tibi quod sine dilatione plenum rectum teneas A de uno mesuagio cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone quod clamat tenere de te per liberum servitium（unius denarii per annum）pro omni servitio, et quod X ei deforciat．Et nisi feceris, vicecomes de Cantabrigia faciat, ne amplius inde clamorem audiamus pro defectu recti. (1)
The King to K greeting．We command you that without delay you do full right to A of one messuage with the appurtenances in Trumpington which he claims to hold of you by free service of ［so much］per annum for all service, of which X deforceth him．And unless you will do this, let the sheriff of Cambridge do it that we may hear no more clamour thereupon for want of right.
國王向K（主教、男爵或其他封建主）致意。朕命令你即刻授予A對位於特龍平頓的一所住宅及其附屬物的完全權利，A主張通過自由役務（以每年交納什一稅的方式）從你處獲得對該地產的占有，但後來X驅逐了他。如果你不服從命令，那麼劍橋郡的郡長將會執行此命令，以便朕因此不會再聽到由於喪失權利而發出的怨訴。
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(1) 布拉克頓：《英格蘭的法律與習慣》第328頁第1論題；菲茨赫伯特，《令狀選編》第1頁G部分。
Assisa Novae Disseisinae
恢復新近被占土地之令狀
Rex vicecomiti salutem．Questus est nobis A quod X injuste et sine judicio disseisivit eum de libero tenemento suo in Trumpingtone post ultimum reditum domini regis de Brittannia in Angliam（or other period of limitation）．Et ideo tibi praecipimus quod, si praedictus A fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo, tunc facias tenementum illud reseisiri de catallis quae in ipso capta fuerint et ipsum tenementum cum catallis esse in pace usque ad primam assisam cum justiciarii nostri ad partes illas venerint．Et interim facias xii liberos et legales homines de visneto illo videre tenementum illud et nomina illorum imbreviari．Et summoneas eos per bonos summonitores quod sint ad primam assisam coram prefatis justiciariis nostris, parati inde facere recognitionem．Et pone per vadium et salvos plegios praedictum X vel ballivum suum, si ipse inventus non fuerit, quod tunc sit ibi auditurus recognitionem illam．Et habeas ibi summonitorum nomina, plegios et hoc breve. (1)
The King to the sheriff greeting．A hath complained unto us that X unjustly and without judgment hath disseised him of his freehold in Trumpington after ［the last return of our lord the king from Brittany into England］．And therefore we command you that, if the aforesd A shall make you secure to prosecute his claim, then cause that tenement to be reseised and (2) the chattels which were taken in it and the same tenement with the chattels to be in peace until the first assize when our justices shall come into those parts．And in the mean time you shall cause twelve free and lawful men of that venue to view that tenement and their names to be put into the writ．And summon them by good summoners that they be before the justices aforesd at the assize aforesd , ready to make recognizance thereupon．And put by gages and safe pledges the aforesd X or, if he shall not be found, his bailiff, that he be then there to hear that recognizance．And have there the（names of the）summoners, the pledges, and this writ. (3)
國王向郡長致意。A已向朕起訴X在（朕最後一次從布列塔尼回到英格蘭）之後非法且未經審判地占有了本該屬於他的在特龍平頓自由保有的土地。因此朕命令你，如果原告A為執行自己的訴訟請求對你提供擔保，你要讓他重新占有保有產以及附屬其上的動產，並使同一保有產連同動產在朕的法官第一次巡迴審判中接手它們前處於和平狀態。同時你應召集審判地附近12名自由守法的臣民來現場勘驗此保有產，並在令狀上簽名。隨後派能幹的送達吏召集他們參加原告A的巡迴審判，並準備具結作保。且通過質押擔保保證被告X，或者如果他未被抓獲，他的百戶長屆時會到場聽取上述查證。朕命你派遣送達吏並執行此令，特諭。
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(1) 布拉克頓：《英格蘭的法律與習慣》第179頁第1論題；菲茨赫伯特，《令狀選編》第69頁，這裡的說法已經漸漸有所不同。
(2) 此處脫漏了「of」。
(3) 菲茨赫伯特，《令狀選編》第177頁E部分。
Assisa de Morte Antecessoris
收回被占繼承土地之令狀
Rex vicecomiti salutem．Si A fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo tunc summoneas per bonos summonitores xii liberos et legales homines de visneto de Trumpingtone quod sint coram (1) justiciariis nostris ad primam assisam cum in partes illas venerint, parati sacramento recognoscere si B pater,（mater, frater, soror, avunculus, amita） (2) praedicti A fuit seisitus in dominico suo ut de feodo de uno mesuagio cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone die quo obiit, et si obiit post ［period of limitation］, et si idem A ejus haeres propinquior sit．Et interim praedictum mesuagium videant et nomina eorum inbreviari facias．Et summone per bonos summonitores X qui mesuagium praedictum tenet quod tunc sit ibi auditurus illam recognitionem．Et habeas ibi summonitores et hoc breve. (3)
The King to the sheriff greeting．If A shall make you secure, &c．then summon, &c．twelve free and lawful men of the neighbourhood of Trumpington that they be before our justices at the first assize when they shall come into those parts, ready to recognise by oath if B father ［mother, brother, sister, uncle, aunt,］ of the aforesd A was seised in his demesne as of fee, of one messuage with the appurtenances in Trumpington the day whereon he died, and if he died after ［the period of limitation］ and if the same A be his next heir: and in the mean time let them view the sd (4) messuage, and cause their names to be put in the writ, and summon by good summoners X who now holds the aforesd messuage, that he may be there to hear that recognizance; and have there the summoners and this writ. (5)
國王向郡長致意。如果A就執行他的訴訟請求提供擔保，則到時就應召集12個鄰近特龍平頓的自由守法臣民，讓他們在朕的法官著手處理這些問題時參加審判並宣誓查證，是否A的父親（母親、兄弟、妹妹、叔叔、叔嬸）B在死亡之日已完全保有其在特龍平頓的住宅及其附屬物；他是否在起訴期間已死亡；是否上述A是他的較近順位的繼承人；同時讓這些合法臣民現場勘驗前述住宅，並在令狀中記下他們的名字，並由能幹的送達吏傳喚此刻占有此等住宅的X，他可以到場聽取上述查證。朕命你派遣送達吏並執行此令，特諭。
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(1) 可能是「在威斯敏斯特」或在朕挑選的誠實可靠的人（特殊的司法長官）面前。
(2) 就這些「轉手」而言，由威廉·羅利引入的收回被占祖父地產令、收回被占曾祖父地產令和收回被占之表兄弟姐妹令等身份令狀得以使用。至於這幾種訴訟形式，請參見菲茨赫伯特，《令狀選編》第220、221頁。
(3) 布拉克頓：《英格蘭的法律與習慣》第253頁第2論題。
(4) 此處的sd 是said的縮寫。——譯者注
(5) 菲茨赫伯特：《令狀選編》第195頁E部分。
Brevia de Ingressu
進占令狀
Rex vicecomiti salutem．Praecipe X quod juste et sine dilatione reddat A unum mesuagium cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone quod clamat esse jus et haereditatem suam et in quod praedictus X non habuit ingressum nisi—
a．per W qui illud ei dimisit qui inde injuste et sine judicio disseisivit eundem A ［or B patrem ejusdem A cujus haeres ipse est］ post ［time of limitation］．
b．per W cui V illud dimisit qui inde injuste etc., as above.
c．post disseisinam quam T inde injuste et sine judicio fecit B patri ejusdem A cujus haeres ipse est post ［time of limitation］ et unde queritur．
d．per K quondam virum ipsius A qui illud ei dimisit, cuiipsa in vita sua contradicere non potuit, ut dicit．
e．per W cui K quondam vir ipsius A qui illud ei dimisit, cui ipsa in vita sua contradicere non potuit, ut dicit．
f．post dimissionem quam K quondam vir ipsius A, cui ipsa in vita sua contradicere non potuit, inde fecit T ut dicit et unde queritur．
g．per W cui praedictus A illus dimisit dum non fuit compos mentis．
h．per W cui praedictus A illud dimisit dum fuit infra aetatem．
i．per W cui B pater praedicti A cujus haeres ipse est illud dimisit ad terminum qui praeterut．
Et nisi fecerit summone eum per bonos summonitores quod sit coram justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium tali die ostensurus quare non fecerit．Et habeas ibi nomina summonitorum et hoc breve．
國王向郡長致意。茲命令X即刻公正且不遲延地將A聲稱自己享有權利並繼承的，而前述的X並無進占權的位於特龍平頓的住宅及其附屬建築交還A，除非——
1．是W將此等房屋及其附屬建築出租給他的，而W是在非法且未經審判的情況下在起訴期間從A（或者是從繼承人A的父親B那裡）強占了它們。
2．V將此等住宅及其附屬建築出租給了W，後來X通過W得到了他們，但是V是在非法且……其餘同上。
3．T非法地且在未經審判的情況下對繼承人A的父親B進行了強占，隨後B提起了指控。
4．他是通過A的亡夫K得到爭議地產的，K曾把此等住宅及其附屬建築出租給他，正如A所言，她不能在他生前反對。
5．他是通過W得到爭議地產的，A的亡夫K曾把此等住宅及其附屬建築出租給W，正如A所言，她不能在他生前反對。
6．A的亡夫K將該住宅及其附屬建築轉讓給了T，正如A所言，她不能在他生前反對，但此後A就此提起控告。
7．他是通過W得到爭議地產的，A聲明自己是在神志不清的情況下將住宅及其附屬建築交給W的。
8.他是通過W得到爭議地產的，A聲明自己是在未成年的情況下將住宅及其附屬建築交給W的。
9.他是通過W得到爭議地產的，A的父親B，A是他的繼承人，聲明是將已過了租期的住宅和附屬建築交給了W。
除非他照令執行，否則應通過能幹的送達吏傳喚被告，使其於公告之日在威斯敏斯特出庭說明拒絕執行的原因。朕命你派遣送達吏並執行此令，特諭。 (1)
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(1) 上面給出的進占令狀只是一個幾乎可以涵蓋任一可以想見的土地保有人權利瑕疵的令狀集合體中的一小部分。在菲茨赫伯特所記載的令狀中，主要有：
（1）基於強占的令狀，有時也稱作「關於……的」進占令；此時的權利瑕疵就是強占（上述 1、2、3例當然都屬於這種情況）；
（2）既定情況下或相似情況下（前述53頁已對此作出解釋）回復土地占有令狀，此時的權利瑕疵是一個享有終身或限定繼承地產權的婦女或享有鰥夫地產權的人所為的越權轉讓；
（3）收回被侵占土地的令狀，以丈夫的轉讓為前提（上例4、5、6）；
（4）收回離婚前轉讓之地產令，婚姻關係已經解除時亦同（此令狀具有不可思議的現代意義）；
（5）回復違反真意轉讓之地產令狀（上例7）；
（6）恢復幼年轉讓之地產令狀（上例8），以一個白痴或未成年人各自所為的轉讓為基礎；
（7）租期屆滿回復土地占有令（上例9），此時的瑕疵是超出租期的占有；
（8）回復被侵占之終身保有地產令，此時的瑕疵與收回被占繼承土地令狀所涉的非法行為類似；
（9）回復未經牧師會同意轉讓之地產令，此時的瑕疵是修道院院長在未經牧師會同意的情況下所為的轉讓。
上述每一個令狀都可以採用一定次數內「轉手」的「per」（比如例1）、「per and cui」（比如例2）以及超出 「轉手」次數的轉讓而由《馬爾伯勒法》所規定的「post」形式（上述令狀中的例3）。梅特蘭教授在此刪掉了幾個例子中一些字詞以使其簡明易懂。
Quare ejecit infra terminum
租期內逐出承租人之令狀
Rex vicecomiti salutem．Si A fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo tunc summoneas etc．X quod sit coram justiciariis etc．ostensurus quare deforciat praefato A unum mesuagium cum pertinentiis in Trumpingtone, quod M ei dimisit ad terminum qui nondum praeteriit, infra quem terminum idem M praefato X illud mesuagium vendidit occasione cujus venditionis idem X praefatum A de mesuagio praedicto ejecit ut dicit．Et habeas ibi etc. (1)
國王向郡長致意。如果A就執行他的訴訟請求提供擔保，那麼就應傳喚X參加審判，並向前述之A證明他為何要扣留位於特龍平頓的一所房屋及其附屬建築，而此房屋和附屬建築是M附期限出租給A的，在租期尚未屆滿期間，上述M又將其出售給前述的X，基於M的出售，上述X像A所說的那樣，將他從上述住房中驅逐出去。朕命你派遣送達吏並執行此令，特諭。
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(1) 菲茨赫伯特：《令狀選編》第198頁B部分。
Trespass quare clausum fregit
侵入他人圈地之令狀
Rex vic．sal．Si A fecerit etc．tunc pone per vadium et salvos plegios X quod sit etc．ostensurus quare vi et armis clausum ipsius A apud X Trumpingtone fregit ［et blada sua ibidem crescentia falcavit etc．etc.］ et alia enormia ei intulit ad grave damnum ipsius A et contra pacem nostram．Et habeas ibi nomina plegiorum et hoc breve. (1)
國王向郡長致意。如果A就執行他的訴訟請求提供擔保，那麼應通過出庭保證人保證X出庭。說明他為何要用暴力和武器侵入上述A位於特龍平頓的圈地（並收割了A在此地正在生長的莊稼，等等），外加其它給A造成重大損失並違反朕的安寧的行為。朕命你暫收此保證物、執行此令，特諭。
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(1) 此一令狀和下一令狀的編排並沒有顧及他們出現的時間次序，主要是為了想把有關土地的令狀列為一組。
De ejectione firmae
逐出租地之令狀
Rex vic．sal．Si A fecerit te securum etc．tunc pone etc．X quod sit coram etc．ostensurus quare vi et armis unum mesuagium apud Trumpingtone, quod M praefato A dimisit ad terminum qui nondum praeterint, intravit et ipsum a firma sua praedicta ejecit et alia enormia ei intulit ad grave damnum ipsius A et contra pacem nostram．Et habeas ibi etc．
The King to the sheriff greeting．If A shall make you secure, &c．then summon, &c．X that he be before our justices at Westminster on（such a day） (1) to show wherefore with force and arms he entered into one messuage in Trumpington which M demised to the said A for a term which is not yet passed and ejected him, the said A, from his farm aforesaid: and other enormous things did, to the great damage of him the said A and against our peace: and have there the names of the pledges and this writ.
國王向郡長致意。如果A向你提出擔保，那麼要讓X出庭受審。說明他為何要使用暴力和武器侵入M有期出租給前述A且尚未到期的位於特龍平頓的住宅，並將他從其前述的宅地驅逐出來，外加其它給A造成重大損失並違反朕的安寧的行為。朕命你暫收此保證物、執行此令，特諭。
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(1) 這是針對在民事訴訟高等法院開始的訴訟，但如果訴訟是在王座法院進行，將會寫成「讓他於朕待在英格蘭時（某一日）出庭」［that he be before us on（such a day）wheresoever we shall then be in England］。
De Libertate Probanda
自由人身份證明令
Rex vic．sal．Monstravit nobis A quod cum ipse liber homo sit et paratus libertatem suam probare, X clamans eum nativum suum vexat eum injuste．Et ideo tibi praecipimus quod si praedictus A fecerit te securum de libertate sua probanda, tunc ponas loquelam illam coram justiciariis nostris ad primam assisam cum in partes illas venerint quia hujusmodi probatio non pertinet ad te capienda．Et interim idem A pacem inde habere facias．Et dic praedicto X quod sit ibi loquelam suam versus praedictum A inde perfecturus si voluerit．Et habeas ibi hoc breve． (1)
The King to the sheriff greeting．A hath showed unto us that whereas he is a free man and ready to prove his liberty, X claiming him to be his nief (2) unjustly vexes him; and therefore we command you, that if the aforesd A shall make you secure touching the proving of his liberty, then put that plea before our justices at the first assizes, when they shall come into those parts, because proof of this kind belongeth (3) not to you to take; and in the mean time cause the sd A to have peace thereupon, and tell the aforesd X that he may be there, if he will, to prosecute his plea thereof against the aforesd A．And have there this writ．
國王向郡長致意。A已向朕表示，由於他是一個自由人，他打算證明自己的自由權，無理聲稱A是他的家奴的X激怒了A；因此朕命令你，如果前述的A就證明其自由權向你提供了擔保，然後將其請求提交朕的第一輪巡迴審判以進行審理，這時他們應參加審判，因為這種證明責任並不是由你來承擔，其間你要讓前述的A保有和平，並告訴前述的X，如果他願意，他可以出庭應辯A的控告。朕命你執行此令，特諭。
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(1) 菲茨赫伯特，《令狀選編》第77頁E部分。
(2) Nief即nativus，等於villain。
(3) 即現代英語中的belonged。——譯者注
Debt, Detinue and Account
債務令狀、非法留置動產令狀、交出賬簿令狀
Rex vic．sal．Praecipe X quod juste et sine dilatione reddat A:
（Breve de Debito） (1) centum libras quas ei debet et injuste detinet.
（Breve de Catallis reddendis） (2) catalla ad valentiam centum librarum quae ei injuste detinet.
（Breve de Compoto） (3) rationabile compotum suum de tem-pore quo fuit ballivus suus in Trumpingtone et receptorum de-nariorum ipsius A ut dicit．Et nisi fecerit et praedictus A fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo, tunc summone eum per bonos summonitores quod sit coram justiciariis nostris apud Westmonasterium ［tali die］ ostensurus quare non fecerit．Et habeas ibi summonitores et hoc breve. (4)
國王向郡長致意。命令X即刻公正地交還A：
（債務令狀）他拖欠A的並且非法保有不還的100英鎊。
（返還動產令狀）他非法保有的價值100英鎊的A的動產。
（交出賬簿令狀）所說的X成為A在特龍平頓領地的執行管家時起為A收受金錢時所記的合理賬簿。如果他未這樣做，且前述的A就執行自己的訴訟請求提供了擔保，則通過能幹的送達吏傳喚X必須在威斯敏斯特（在某某日）出庭並說明他拒絕執行的原因。朕命你派遣送達吏並執行此令，特諭。
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(1) 菲茨赫伯特：《令狀選編》第119頁L部分。
(2) 菲茨赫伯特：《令狀選編》第40頁。
(3) 菲茨赫伯特：《令狀選編》第117頁E部分。
(4) 注意這些令狀與指示交付令狀的術語是相同的，除了陳述被告要返還給原告東西的措辭不同外。
Covenant
契約令狀
Rex vic．sal．Praecipe X quod juste et sine dilatione teneat A conventionem factam inter ipsum A et ［S patrem praedicti］ X ［cujus haeres ipse est,］ de ［uno messuagio］ et nisi fecerit &c．tunc summone &c. (1)
國王向郡長致意。茲命令X公正且不遲延履行A及（前述的父親S）與X（他是其繼承人）之間就（一所房屋）訂立的協議。如果他不履約，則傳喚他出庭。
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(1) 菲茨赫伯特：《令狀選編》第66頁，結尾和債務令狀相同。
Trespass vi et armis
暴力侵害令狀
Rex vic．sal．Si A fecerit te securum de clamore suo prosequendo tunc pone per vadium et salvos plegios X quod sit coram justiciariis nostris (1) &c．tali die ostensurus:
（assault and battery）quare vi et armis in ipsum A apud Trumpingtone insultum fecit et ipsum verberavit vulneravit et male tractavit, ita quod de vita ejus desperabatur.
（false imprisonment）quare vi et armis in ipsum A apud Trumpingtone insultum fecit et ipsum vulneravit imprisonavit et male tractavit.
（trespass to land）quare vi et armis clausum ipsius A apud Trumpingtone fregit.
（trespass to chattels）quare vi et armis lapidem molarem (2) ［a mill stone］ ipsius A precii xl．s．apud Trumpingtone fregit et bona et catalla sua precii tanti cepit et asportavit.
（ejectment）quare vi et armis unum mesuagium apud Trumpingtone quod M praefato A dimisit ad terminum qui nondum praeterut intravit et ipsum A a firma sua praedicta ejecit et alia enormia ei intulit ad grave damnum ipsius A et contra pacem nostram．Et habeas ibi nomina plegiorum et hoc breve. (3)
國王向郡長致意。如果A就執行他的訴訟請求提供了擔保，那麼通過出庭保證人保證X將出庭並在某某日說明：
（企圖傷害和毆擊令狀）他為何使用暴力和武器對位於特龍平頓的A實施侮辱、毆打和虐待，以致A對自己的生命感到絕望。
（非法拘禁令狀）他為何使用暴力和武器對位於特龍平頓的A實施侮辱、毆打和虐待。
（侵入土地令狀）他為何使用暴力和武器侵入A位於特龍平頓的圈地。
（侵犯動產令狀）他為何使用暴力和武器搗碎A位於特龍平頓的磨盤，價值10鎊，並搶奪和拿走了他的動產以及具有相當價值的財產。
（驅逐令狀）他為何使用暴力和武器侵入M附期限出租給前述A且租期未滿的位於特龍平頓的房屋，並將A本人從前述宅地里驅逐出來，外加其它給A造成重大損失並違反朕的安寧的行為。朕命你暫收此保證物、執行此令，特諭。
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(1) 或者是「於某日在朕的面前接受審判而無論朕在英國的任何地方」，如果此令狀是由王座法院簽發的。
(2) 磨盤。
(3) 菲茨赫伯特：《令狀選編》第85至88頁。與我們所給的節選自菲茨赫伯特的《令狀選編》（1794年版本）逐出租地之訴的譯文相同。幾個侵害行為可以在同一令狀里進行起訴。
Trespass on the Case or Case
間接侵害令狀
Rex vic．sal．&c．as in Trespass ostensurus:
quare (1) ［here set out the matter complained of e.g.: —］ in aqua de Plim, per quam inter Humber et Gaunt navium et batellorum communis est transitus, ex transverso aquae pilos defixit, per quod quaedam navis cum triginta quarteriis brasii ipsius A submersa fuit, et viginti quarteria brasii precii centum s．de-perierunt．Et alia enormia &c．as in Trespass．
The King to the sheriff &c．as in Trespass to show:
wherefore（e.g.: —）he fixed piles across the water of Plim along which, between the Humber and Gaunt, there is a common passage for ships and boats, whereby a certain ship, with thirty quarters of malt of him the sd A, was sunk under water, and twenty quarters of the malt of the price of one hundred shillings perished; and other wrongs &c．as in trespass．
國王向郡長致意。他要像在侵害之訴中一樣說明：
為何（在這裡陳列起訴事由，比如……）他跨過Plim河設置管道，而沿著此河，在Humber和Gaunt之間有一個供大小船隻通行的公共通道，當載有上述A的30夸脫麥芽的大船通過此通道時不幸沉沒，損失了20夸脫價值100先令的麥芽。外加其他具有侵害性質的不法行為。
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(1) 菲茨赫伯特：《令狀選編》第92頁F部分。
Trespass on the Case in Assumpsit
簡約令狀
Rex vic．sal．&c．as in Trespass ostensurus:
quare (1) ［e.g.: for misfeasance］ cum idem X ad dextrum oculum ipsius A casualiter laesum bene et competenter curandum apud Trumpingtone pro quadam pecuniae summa prae manibus soluta assumpsisset, idem X curam suam circa oculum praedictum tam negligenter et improvide apposuit, quod idem A defectu ipsius X visum oculi praedicti totaliter amisit, ad damnum ipsius A viginti librarum ut dicit．Et habeas ibi &c．
quare (2) ［e.g.: for non-feasance］ cum idem X tres currus pro victualibus ipsius A ad partes transmarinas ducendis pro certa pecuniae summa prae manibus soluta infra certum terminum inter eos concordatum facere et fabricare apud Trumpingtone assumpsisset, idem X currus praedictos infra terminum praedictum facere et fabricare non curavit per quod A diversa bona et catalla sua ad valentiam centum marcarum, quae in curribus praedictus duci debuissent, pro defectu curruum praedictorum totaliter amisit ad grave damnum ipsius A ut dicit et habeas &c．
The King to the sheriff greeting &c．as in Trespass to show:
wherefore whereas he the sd X undertook well and competently to cure the right eye of the sd A, which was accidentally injured, for a certain sum of money beforehand received, he the same X so negligently and carelessly applied his cure to the said eye, that the said A by the fault of him the said X totally lost the sight of the said eye, to the damage of him the said A of twenty pounds, as he saith (3) , and have there &c.
wherefore whereas he the said X undertook to make and build three carriages for conveying victuals of him the said A to parts beyond the sea for a certain sum of money beforehand received, within a certain term between them agreed; he the said X did not take care to make and build the carriages aforesaid within the term aforesaid, by which he the sd A hath wholly lost divers his goods and chattels, to the value of one hundred marks, which ought to have been conveyed in the carriages aforesaid, for want thereof to the great damage of him the said A as it is said: and have there &c.
國王向郡長致意。他要像在侵害之訴中一樣說明：
由於（例如，違法行為）上述X信誓旦旦且有根有據地承諾在特龍平頓治療上述A因為意外受傷的右眼，並事先收受了一筆金錢，但上述X疏忽大意且漫不經心地對A的右眼施治，上述A由於X的過錯完全喪失了其右眼的視力，A自己聲稱的損失是20鎊。朕命你執行此令。
由於（例如，不作為）上述X承諾在特龍平頓建造三輛馬車將A的糧食在二人商議的日期內運往海濱地區，並事先收受了一筆金錢；上述X由於疏忽沒有在商定日期內建造好三輛馬車，由此，上述A完全喪失了其貨物和動產，價值100馬爾克，而這些貨物和動產本應由上述馬車運到目的地，因此給上述A造成了他聲稱的巨大損害。朕命你執行此令，特諭。
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(1) 布萊克斯通：《英國法釋義》第3卷第122頁腳註。
(2) 菲茨赫伯特：《令狀選編》第94頁A部分。
(3) 即現代英語中的said。——譯者注
Case on Indebitatus Assumpsit
債務人承諾的簡約令狀
The king to the sheriff &c．as in Trespass to shew (1) ：
for that, whereas the sd X herefore, to wit（date and place）was indebted to the sd A in the sum of — for divers goods wares and merchandises by the sd A before that time sold and delivered to the sd X at his special instance and request.
And being so indebted, he the sd X in consideration thereof afterwards to wit（date and place aforesd ）undertook and faithfully promised the sd sum of money when he the sd X should be thereto afterwards requested.
Yet the sd X, not regarding his said promise and undertaking but contriving and fraudulently intending craftily and subtilly to deceive and defraud the sd A in his behalf, hath not yet paid the sd sum of money or any part thereof to thesd A（although oftentimes afterwards requested）．But the sd X to pay the same or any part thereof hath hitherto wholly refused and still refuses, to the damage of the sd A of — pounds as it is said．And have you there & c． (2)
國王向郡長致意。他要像在侵害之訴中一樣說明：
由於上述X按照目擊證人（作證的日期和地點）所講，對上述A負債若干，原因是上述A在那時前已出售並交付上述X一些貨物和商品，這是按上述X的特殊建議和要求實施的。
由於此等負債，作為對價，上述X隨後在證人在場的情況下（作證的日期和地點）對A承諾並誠信地允諾當他爾後接到請求後將付給他上述數目的金錢。
但是上述X，為了自己的利益不顧自己的上述允諾和承諾，卻算盡心機地、詐欺地、狡猾地和陰險地打算欺騙並詐欺上述A，並未付給上述A商定的全部或部分價款（儘管隨後A多次請求）。但是本應全部或部分支付的被告X此後完全拒絕付款以及上述A聲稱的損失若干鎊，現在仍為此等拒絕。朕命你執行此令，特諭。
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(1) 即現代英語中的show。——譯者注
(2) 史蒂芬：《訴狀選編》（1824年版），第17頁。
Case for Trover
非法占有動產之令狀
The king to the sheriff greeting &c．as in Trespass to shew:
for that, whereas the sd A heretofore to wit ［date and place］ was lawfully possessed as of his own property, of certain goods and chattels to wit, twenty tables and twenty chairs of great value to wit of the value of—pounds of lawful money of great Britain:
and, being so possessed thereof he the sd A afterwards to wit（date and place aforesd ）casually lost the sd goods and chattels out of his possession:
and the same afterward to（date and place aforesd ）came into the possession of the sd X by finding;
Yet the sd X well knowing the sd goods and chattels to be the property of the sd A in this behalf, hath not as yet delivered the sd goods and chattels, or any part thereof, to the sd A（although often requested so to do）but so to do hath hitherto wholly refused and still refuses; and afterwards to wit（date and place afores ）converted and disposed of the sd goods and chattels to his the sd X's own use, to the damage of the sd A of — pounds as it is said; and have you there &c． (1)
國王向郡長致意。他要像在侵害之訴中一樣說明：
憑此，按照目擊證人所言（作證的日期和地點），上述A此前作為自己的財產合法占有一些貨物和動產，如證人看到的，有20張桌子和20張價值不菲的椅子，證人確認它們的價值等於大不列顛的法定貨幣英鎊若干。
而在對此等物品的此等占有狀態中，按照目擊證人所講（作證的日期和地點），A不經意間喪失了置於其占有下的上述貨物和動產。
後來按照目擊證人所言（作證的日期和地點），經調查它們已為上述X占有。
而上述X非常清楚上述貨物和動產屬於A所有，當然應屬於並歸於A，但X算盡心機地、詐欺地、狡猾地和陰險地打算欺騙並詐欺上述A，並未交付上述貨物和動產的全部或部分給A（儘管隨後A多次請求），但X完全拒絕這樣做，現在仍為此等拒絕；而後根據目擊證人所言（作證的日期和地點），X為了自己的用益，非法挪用和處分了這些貨物和動產。
上述A的損失如他聲稱的，是若干鎊。朕命你執行此令，特諭。
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(1) 史蒂芬：《訴狀選編》（1824年版），第19頁。