希臘人和希臘文明 · 索引

(索引數字為原書頁碼,即本書邊碼) abortion,流產,54 abuse:verbal(loidoria),濫用:詞語的,72,144—5,207,208,233—4;of language,語言的,237 Achaean League,the,阿卡亞聯盟,31,34,121,359 Achaeans,the,阿卡亞人,14,43—4,44,174,180,358 Achaemenids,the,阿黑門尼德家族,216 Achilles,阿喀琉斯,22,23,24,30,32,33,88,89,90,90—1,93,95—6,141ff.,149ff.,156,64,200,201,244,249,360 actors,演員,346,355 adoption,領養,38,209,338—9 adultery,通姦,37,200,252,253—4,258 Aegina,埃吉納,16,32,227,296,305,316,326 Aegospotami,battle of,羊河戰役,218,250,277,293,295,296 Aeolians,the,伊奧利亞人,14,20l Aeschines,埃斯奇尼斯,78,309,310,311,314 Aeschylus,埃斯庫羅斯,l0,19,22,56,65,144,166,254,271,277,324 Aesop,伊索,202,208—9 Aetolian League,埃托利亞聯盟,276 Aetolians,the,埃托利亞人,14,18,34,168 afterlife,the,死後生活,xxxix,27,33,101,113—14,278;see also『Hades』(另外參看「哈得斯」) Agamemnon,阿伽門農,24,26,32,67,101,141,145,150,153,154,164,200 Agathocles,阿伽托克里斯,l07,121,286 Agathon,阿伽同,230,262,263,264 Agesilaus,阿格西勞斯,25,171,194,287,293,335,341 agon(contest),agonal competition,賽會,競賽,xxxii,xli,71,79,96,149,155,157,160,161,162—6,167ff.,174ff.,179,181,182,184,185,188,196,199,20l,205,206,207,212,219,225,237ff.,249,251,286,294,321,326—8,331,332,333,348;false,錯誤的,238;see also『first and best』,『judges』,『number and variety』,『Panhellenic agon』,『prizes』,『success』,『victors』(另外參看「第一和最好的」,「裁判」,「數量和種類」,「泛希臘賽會」,「獎金」,「勝利」,「優勝者」) agora,the,阿戈拉,49,50—2,51—3,73,183,198,204,264,286,298,315,325,353 agorazein,在阿戈拉,52,264 agriculture,農業,16—17,21,45,47,51,156,157,188—90,217,218,219,222,304;see also『farming』,『field work』,『peasants』,『rural life』,『shepherds』,『slaves』,『viticulture』(另外參看「務農」,「田間作業」,「農民」,「鄉村生活」,「牧羊人」,「奴隸」,「葡萄栽培」) aidos,榮譽,79,79—80 Alcibiades,亞西比德,33,60,171,230,231,233,239—40,243,245,245—8,250,262—3,264,265,276,290 Alexander the Great,亞歷山大大帝,xxxvii,xl,xli,26,33,118,172,193,214,283,294,314,316,320,328,331,341,345,349,353,359 Alexandria,Alexandrian,亞歷山大里亞,亞歷山大里亞人,119,126,271,347,355,356,359,360,361,363 alliances,allies,盟邦,盟國,44,57,225ff.,231,274,283,287,293ff.,305—6,308,310ff. alphabet,source of Greek,字母表,希臘的資料,17 Amazons,the,阿瑪宗人,22,26,31,131,154,197,220,221,223 ambition,野心,58,78,175,212,225,247,274,275,279,295,298,304,320,322,349—50;see also『self—display』(另外參看「自我展示」) amiable conduct,and the Greeks,友善的舉止,希臘人,261 amphictyoniai(temple leagues),神廟聯盟,44 amusement,as the aim of life,in Athens,娛樂,作為生活的目標,在雅典,205;see also『pleasure』(另外參看「快樂」) amusements,娛樂,259,298,306,332;see also『symposium』(另外參看「宴飲」) Anaxagoras,阿納克薩格拉,111,225,232,270,271,272 ancestry,importance of,祖先,重要性,33,37,42,l04,290,356;see also『breeding and birth』,『heredity』(另外參看「生育和出生」,「遺傳」) ancient institutions,admiration of,as rejection of the state,古代的制度,仰慕,對國家的拒斥,326 anger,and the hero,憤怒,英雄,66,145 animals:mythological,動物:神話學的,19—20,154;fabulous,and the value of life,傳說中的,生活的價值,112;and naming,起名,132;see also『fables』(另外參看「寓言」) anointing,of the whole body,塗油,整個身體,129 Antigonus Gonatas of Macedon,馬其頓的安提格努斯·格納塔斯,32,33—4,123 Antioch,安條克,50,355,359,363 antiquarians,古文物研究者,xix,xx,xxx,3—4,4—5,6,9,21,30 antiquities,古代,316 Antisthenes,安提斯第尼,123,192,193,325 Apelles,阿佩雷斯,324,331 Aphrodite,阿佛洛蒂忒,81,142,145,151,153,154,(Pandemos)(潘德摩斯) 202,210,324,330,360 apolitia,背離城邦,289,290,294,317,355;see also『cosmopolitanism』,『indifference』,『turning away』(另外參看「世界主義」,「漠不關心」,「轉身」) Apollo,阿波羅,29ff.,43,81,83,88,89,117,141,143,148,156,163,168,181,183,191,196,204,207,211,219,220,242,254,288,328,361 Apollodorus,阿波羅多洛斯,131,341 Apollonian and Dionysian,the,阿波羅的和狄俄倪索斯的,xxvii,xxxviii,211 Arcadia,阿卡狄亞,16,18,19,31,54,196,20l,213,320 Archelaus,King,阿齊勞斯,國王,197,230,264,280,286 Archilochus,阿齊勞庫斯,72,207—8,208 Archimedes,阿基米德,191 architecture,建築,232,346 archons( archontes ),執政官,20,45;the archon basileus in Athens,雅典的王者執政官,58 Areopagus,the,戰神山議事會,21,26—7,222,297,298 arete,優秀,186,191,243,248,325;see also『excellence』 Argos,阿爾果斯,20,46—7,174,194,213,216,284,294,305,360 aridification of Greece,希臘的土壤乾旱化,45,51 Aristippus,阿里斯提普斯,98,325,327,331 aristocracy,the aristocratic,貴族制,貴族的,xxxv—xxxvi,33,131,151,158,160ff.,165,167,168,170,185,187,192,199,205,228,236,240,270,319,320,329,332,339 Aristophanes,阿里斯托芬,70,74—5,78,190,195,230,231,231—2,234,239,239—40,254,262,270,271,277,294,331,330,332 Aristotle,亞里士多德,33,51ff.,85,85—6,103—4,l08,123,189,190—1,197,322,324,325,326,328,330,331,332,351 arrogance,傲慢,291,293,303 art,藝術,xxxix—xl,3,l0,55,64,65,97,127,133,140,149,183,193,195,210,213,222,232,244,267,271,274,305,317,330,346,356—7,361;works of,57,177,204,242,267,330;and the banausic,手藝的,192—7;see also『artistic agon』,『artists』,『painting』,『sculpture』(另外參看「藝術賽會」,「藝術家」,「繪畫」,「雕塑」) Artemis,阿爾忒彌斯,31,35,81,118,145,148 artisans,匠人,190—2 artistic agon,the,藝術賽會,178,181—2,183 artists,藝術家,232—3,355;mythical,神話的,149;contempt for,蔑視,193—6,196—7;as celebrities,名人,206,206—7,241,346,349 asceticism,苦行主義,198,212 Asclepius,阿斯克勒庇俄斯,33,34,35,117,181 asebeia(impiety),瀆神,the charge of,指控,58,73,75,196—7,232,257,272,324 Asia Minor(coast and cities),小亞細亞(海岸和城市),22,44,48,216,221,230,232,247,248,293,314,315 Aspasia,阿斯帕西亞,224,225,232,252,257—8,291 assemblies(elective,popular),集會(選舉的,公眾的),39,40,47,53,73,78—9,131,144,170,189,192,198,227,233,248,264,267,278,297,300,303,307,310,311,316;see also『ecclesia』,『heliasts』,『lawcourts』(另外參看「公民大會」,「宗教裁判員」,「法庭」) astronomy,天文學,267 (Pallas)Athena,(帕拉斯)雅典娜,17,30,31,34,35,50,56,81,100,104,138,143,144,153,154,156,163,197,220,242,244,254,301,323,361 Athens,the Athenians,雅典,雅典人,xxxvi,17,20,26,26—7,29,31ff.,44ff.,49,50,57ff.,65,67,71,73ff.,86,94,96,102,113,114,128,130,137,152,161,167,170,174,175,178,180,181,182,187ff.,197,199—200,20l,202,205—6,206,207,211,215,216,217—37,239ff.,250ff.,256,257,261ff.,270,271,275,277,280,281,290,292,294—317,325,326,328,331,333,334,335,343,344,345,348ff.,358,360;see also『polis』,『state』(另外參看「城邦」,「國家」) athletes,athletics,運動員,體育比賽,32,33,128,163—4,167,169—70,170,172ff.,175—6,176,178,179,183,192,20l,231,237,238,250,327—8,348;stylized heads of athletes,運動員風格的頭像,361;see also『statues』(另外參看「雕像」) atimia(dishonour,loss of civil rights),剝奪公民權,57,78,114,312 Attica,阿提卡,16,16—17,26—7,38—9,45,97,187,217—18,219,221,222,225,227,290,296,308,312,333,345 austerity,嚴厲,231,237;see also『asceticism』,『Doricism』,『Laconism』,『simplicity』(另外參看「苦行主義」,「拉科尼亞主義」,「簡約」) autarkeia,自給自足,54,218 autochthony,土生土長,15—16,221 autocrats,the,獨裁者,299 banausic,the,物質性的,17,102,149,160,161,184,185—6,187—97,259,269,301,330,331,336,343,356;see also『labour』,『money』,『toil』(另外參看「勞力」,「貨幣」,「勞作」) banquets,宴會,73,l09,157,203,204,205,234,240,251,260ff.,289;see also『symposium』(另外參看「宴飲」) barbarians,蠻族,13,53,112,178,181,187,230,267,283ff.,318,320,335 bards,minstrels,游吟詩人,24,25,42,95,131,137,140,148,150—1,152,155,233 barter,物物交換,188,197 baths,洗澡,235,324,344 battle,and the hero or heroic type,戰鬥,英雄或英雄類型,142—3,165 bearing arms,and citizenship,攜帶武器,公民權,189 beauty,and the Greeks,美,希臘人,54,81,85,127—9,133,135,140,161,199,20l,225,257,260,326,362 beggars,in the heroic world,乞丐,在英雄世界,152 benignity,and the hero,仁慈,英雄,140 birth,not to be born(me phunai)as best,出生,不出生最好,99,105,106 Black Sea,the,黑海,22,218 blessings of life,the succession or identification of the,生命的賜福,繼承或身份,81—5;see also『birth』,『death』(另外參看「出生」,「死亡」) boasting(or showing off),炫耀,62,205,(formal)(正式的),223,231,265,290,308,335,340,353—5;see also『pride』,『 self-praise』,『vanity』(另外參看「驕傲」,「自我誇耀」,「虛榮」) Boeckh,August,柏克,奧古斯特,xi,xii,3,11 body,the,身體,129,161,163,179,190,194,195,348;see also『deformity』,『nakedness』(另外參看「畸形」,「裸體」) Boeotia,彼奧提亞,44,111,157—8,168,196,199,20l,217,295,312,314,319 bouleuterion,議事會廳,45,51,69 boxing,boxers,拳擊,拳擊手,163ff.,167,168,172,176,236,328 breeding and birth,養育和出生,142,160,161,186,241,252,258 bribery and extortion,賄賂和勒索,215,229,293,300,306,309,316,322;see also『corruption』(另外參看「腐敗」) brigands,強盜,41,45,141 bucolic(pastoral,idyllic)poetry,田園詩,189—90,357,360,361 caricature,漫畫,73,230,233,270 Carthage,the Carthaginians,迦太基,迦太基人,118,121,223,242,284,285,286,318,320 cataloguing,編目,20;see also『collecting and classification』(另外參看「搜集和分類」) celebrity,celebrities,名人,名人們,206—7,233,241,330,257,297,328,349,359;cheapening of quality of,and condemnation,品質的廉價,譴責,348—9;see also『notoriety』,『personalities』,『publicity』(另外參看「臭名昭著」,「人格」,「公眾性」) celestial phenomena,and natural explanations,天文現象,自然的解釋,270,271,272 Chaeronea,battle of,喀羅尼亞戰役,86,223—4,283,289,307,312ff.,325,330,341,344 character,belief in the innateness of,品格,對內在本質的確信,142 chariots,chariot-racing,charioteers,賽車,賽車手,145,151—2,161,164,166,168,169,170—2,174,178,180,206,240,326—7 childlikeness,孩子般的,23,34,68,145—6 children,兒童,189,201,252,258,291,312,338;logical arguments against begetting of,對生兒育女的合乎邏輯的看法,109;stories for,故事,209,210;see also『abortion』,『defeat in war』,『deformity』,『exposure』,『families』,『fathers and sons』(另外參看「流產」,「戰敗」,「畸形」,「棄嬰」,「家庭」,「父親和兒子」) Chios,and the voluntary death of the old,開俄斯,老年人自願死亡,114—15 choregiai,the,捐助,182,228,233,238,259,304,319,327,353 chronologies,年代學,20—22,220 Cimon,客蒙,132,227,242,245,262,290 citharists( kitharodoi ),彈唱藝人,181—2,183,259 cities,the city,城市,18,29,39—41,48ff.,136—7,160,167,174,174—5,179,180,196,200,213,215,217,233,237—8,239,283ff.,290,292,293,295,299,312,316—17,319,320,356,359,363;see also『polis』(另外參看「城邦」) citizens,citizenship(of the polis),公民,(城邦的)公民權,38,45,53ff.,73,75,78,79,96,161,167,174,181,186ff.,197,200,213,218,221,224,227,228—30,240,241,245,249,251,271,276,279,284,285,293,299ff.,305,307,309,312,313,320,338,348,355,356;『false』,錯誤的,186 civic:duties,公民義務,see『 leitourgiai 』;virtue,見「公益服務」;德性,319 civil war,and the polis ,內戰,城邦,33,61 clans,家族,173;see also『 genos 』(另外參看「氏族」) classical studies,古典研究,8,11 Cleanthes,克里恩特斯,77,123 Cleisthenes,克里斯提尼,39,40,215,222 Cleisthenes of Sicyon,西庫翁的克里斯提尼,161,166,205 Cleomenes(III),克里奧蒙尼(三世),121,347,357—8 Cleon,克里昂,75,78,224,225,226,235,297 Cleopatra,克里奧帕特拉,119—20 cleruchs,移居者,296 cliques,派系,219,292;see also『 hetaireiai 』(另外參看「政治團體」) clothing,costume,衣服,服裝,26,52,79,129,187,196,203,235,236,241,258,258—9,264,265,309,314,322,323,324,328,343,352,361 clubs,political,俱樂部,政治,see『 hetaireiai 』(另外參看「政治團體」) cock- and quail- fighting,and the agon,鬥雞和鬥鵪鶉,賽會,166 collecting and classification,搜集和分類,356 colonies,colonization,殖民地,殖民,18,21—2,22,40—1,137,178,139,160,161,169,177,181,186,213,214,221,227,228,286,288,296,304,320,332,356 comedy,喜劇,33,53,73ff.,182,195,229,230,232ff.,242,254,259,271,273,277,289;middle,中期,75,76,273,274,305,329,331,332,333,336,341;new(er),later,新,後期,274,305,329,331,333,335,350,357,359,360 comic humour,and the heroic world,喜劇幽默,英雄世界,145,149—50,151 commerce,商業,41,44,52,54,166,186,187,188,222,298,304 common good(or ideal whole),the:and the polis ,公益(或理想的整體),城邦,55,57—8,59,60,64 communal living,and Pythagoras,公有制,畢達哥拉斯,211 communism,predatory,共產主義,掠奪的,276 conscience,良心,65,66,79,273 consciousness,意識,12,81,205,234;collective,集體的,95;moral,道德的,210;national,民族的,224 constitutions,政體,54,58,59,60,61,186—7,213,222,224,319;see also『lawgiving』,『laws』『 nomos 』(例外參看「立法」,「法律」,「律法」) consumer demand,客戶需求,190 contract,idea of the polisas a mutual,of security for its members,契約,把城邦看成一種保護其成員安全的相互的,62 contractors,and comedy,承包商,喜劇,74 conversation,交談,52,53,71,166,183,202ff.,251,258,261,261—2,262,265,266,342,349,356 cookery,the cook,烹飪,廚師,333,334,335 coquetry,賣弄風情,360 Corinth,科林斯,14,29,31,69,178,201,202,232,286,294,295,305,314,320;see also『Isthmian games』(另外參看「伊斯特摩亞競技會」) Corinthian War,科林斯戰爭,223 corn(grain)production,supply and trade,穀物生產,供應和商業,218—19,300,315 corruption,in political life,腐敗,在政治生活中,219,254,277,290,300,303,307,309;see also『bribery』,『peculation』(例外參看「行賄」,「盜用」) cosmography,and myth,宇宙結構學,神話,139—40,148 cosmopolitanism,世界主義,317,325,355 counsellors,the(in the ideal polis ),顧問,(在理想的城邦),189 courage:loss of,and the hero,勇氣:失去,英雄,145;in war,and agriculture,在戰爭中,農業,188 court life,宮廷生活,87,147—8,230,332,337,340,359,356,359,360 courtesans see『hetaerae』,交際花,見「高級妓女」 courtesy,in Homer,禮貌,在荷馬中,140 courtship,wooing,求婚,求愛,166,252,258;see also『coquetry』,『gallantry』,『marriage』(另外參看「賣弄風情」,「騎士風度」,「婚姻」) cowardice,and suicide,怯懦,自殺,120ff. crafts,craftsmen,手藝,工匠,160,187,190—2 creativity,and the Greeks,創造力,希臘人,133,135 crime,criminality,犯罪,犯罪行為,30l,322,334—5 crisis in Greek life,希臘生活中的危機,277,278 Critias,克里底亞,243,271 Croesus,克羅索斯,65,102,171,206,209 Croton,克羅頓,49,83,169,175,211,212,318 cruelty,Athenian,冷酷無情,雅典人的,308 cuckoldry,通姦,74,254 cult,cults,崇拜,xxxvii,22,24,29,37,38,42,46,48,50,57,58,58—9,64,133,138,167,168,174,176,182,206,207,211,212,233,250,251,273,288,330,350,356 cultural history,文化史,xvi—xvii,xxiii—xxiv,xxx— xxxii,xxxii—xli,3ff.,12,63,85,254,277,282,350 cunning,狡猾,144,257,275,300 cupidity,(for significant objects,not treasure),and the heroic world,貪得無厭(對有意義的目標,而非財寶),英雄世界,150 curses,詛咒,26,27,141,152,174,200,248 Cynicism,the Cynics,犬儒主義,犬儒學派,77,98,123,198,333,344. Cyrus the Elder,老居魯士,52,69,214 Cyrus the Younger,小居魯士,257,318 dances,dancing,跳舞,舞蹈,27,148,156,157,161,162,169,205,231,259,263 Darius,大流士,214,215,242,362 death,attitude to and evaluation of,死亡,觀念和評價,81,85,90—1,94—5,98,99,103ff.,111ff.,121ff.,141,146,172,173,206,260,316;see also『departure from mankind』,『exposure』,『suicide』(另外參看「背離人類」,「棄嬰」,「自殺」) decadence(decline,disintegration,decay),墮落(衰落,分裂,衰退),56,81,162,230,237,264,274ff.,280,283—4,288,289—90,291,293,294,304,307,316—17,317,322,329,330,336,343,346,347,348,359,359—60;see also『degeneration』,『theorizing』(另外參看「退化」,「理論化」) deceitfulness,dishonesty,欺騙,不誠實,xxxviii,5,68—71,80,144,247,250—1,275,277,278,297,30,301,302,351;see also『lawcourts』,『truth』(另外參看「法庭」,「真理」) defeat in war,consequences of,戰敗,結果,96,117ff.,215,247,274—5,282ff.,293,295,312—13,330 defence,of the polis,and divided counsels of banausoi,辯護,城邦,對匠人不同的看法,190 deformity,and the Greeks,畸形,希臘人,54,74,110,130,190,193 degeneration,退化,100,142,155,290—1;see also『breeding and birth』,『heredity』(另外參看「養育和出生」,「繼承」) deisidaimonia,對神靈的敬畏,271,272,273,354;see also『fear of the gods』,『religion』(另外參看「懼怕神靈」,「宗教」) delicacy of feeling,of the Homeric world,敏感,荷馬世界,65,( aidos )(榮譽) 79—80,135,146 Delphi,Delphic oracle(the Pythia),德爾斐,德爾斐神諭(皮提亞),xxxvii,17,29,49,49—50,82,89,92,102,141,174,176,178—9,180,197,202,207,209,210—11,213,220,223,250,265,267,271,272,293,323,325,328,352;see also『Pythian games』(另外參看「皮提亞運動會」) demagogues,demagogy,民眾領袖,xxxvi,27,74,246,257,278,290,295,316,345 Demeter,得墨忒耳,17,21,33,(Chamyne)(查米尼)177,(Eleusinian)(厄琉西斯)201,207 Demetrius Poliorcetes,德莫特里烏斯·波利奧科特斯,358,362 democracy,democracies,democrats,the democratic,民主制度,民主派,民主的,xxxvi,59,59,60,73,96,131,162,170,185,186,189,191,215,216,222,227,228,229,231,238,239,240,240—1,245,246,247,273,274,275,278,279,282,286,289ff.,295,296,298,307ff.,316,320,322,326,327,329,345,353 Democritus,德謨克利特,109,113,122—3,325,328 demos,the,德莫斯,xxxvi,47,74,75,189,229,292—3,306,308,313,333,345;see also『people』(另外參看「人民」) Demosthenes,德摩斯提尼,xxxvii,30,56,78,80,111,191,223,224,230,271,290,292,302,303,304,308ff.,310—12,313,314,316,316—17,317,333,339,342,343 denunciation(public accusation),詆毀(公開的譴責),73,96,196,218,219,281,301,307,313,345;see also『 asebeia 』,『lawcourts』(另外參看「瀆神」,「法庭」) departure from mankind,mysterious,背離人類,神秘的,33,176,184 descent,from gods or heroes,世系,神靈或英雄,16,20,32—4,142,176,242,278,322 destiny,命中注定,65,93,99,102,358;see also『fate』(另外參看「命運」) devotion to the state( polis ),對國家(城邦)的貢獻,186,243,245,248,322 diadochoi,the,繼承者,33,40,48,50,l00,132,181 250,332,335,337, 340,346ff.,355,356,358,359,361 Diagoras of Melos,米洛斯島的狄亞格拉斯,176,271,272 dialectic,辯證法,268;see also『Socratic dialectic』(另外參看「蘇格拉底的辯證法」) dialogue,the philosophical,對話,哲學的,182,246,262,268 dignity,and the hero,尊嚴,英雄,140 dilettantism,the dilettante,業餘愛好者,183,195,239,357 Diodorus,狄奧多洛斯,19,131,294 Diogenes,狄奧格尼斯,77,123,305,320,325,327,333 dioikizein(to send to separate districts),發配到獨立的地區,49;see also『synoecism』(另外參看「聯合一統」) Diomedes,狄俄墨得斯,22,31,91—2,129,137,138,141,143,145,155,164 Dion,狄翁,285,319,320,340 Dionysian,the,狄俄倪索斯的,see『Apollonian and Dionysian』(參看「阿波羅的和狄俄倪索斯的」) Dionysian:festivals(Dionysiae),狄俄倪索斯的:節日(狄俄倪希亞),61,73,207,211,232,233,234,260,277,304;mysteries,神秘儀式,211;excess,過度,212 Dionysius the Elder,老狄俄倪索斯,30,132,175,178,283,284—5,286,290,294,318,321,328,340 Dionysius the Younger,小狄俄倪索斯,261,285,319,332,337,340 Dionysus,(Kissos)狄俄倪索斯,(基索斯),17,20,29,35,131,211,288,330;see also『Dionysian』(另外參看「狄俄倪索斯的」) disaster,its ideal purpose in Greek mythology,災難,其在希臘神話學中的理想目標,95,150 discus- and javelin- throwing,投擲鐵餅和標槍,163,167 dishonour,and suicide,羞恥,自殺,120—2 disrespect,for law,parents,elders,不尊敬,對於法律,父母,老年人,279,280,231,298,302 dissembling,and social or political life,虛偽,社會或政治生活,140,275,278,297 distributions,of money or meat,分配,錢或肉,304,306 dithyramb,the,酒神頌歌,324,329 divine wrath,神怒,64,141,166,273,294 divinity,and the hero and heroic world,神性,英雄和英雄世界,144,147 divorce,separation,離婚,分離,252,257,338,339 doctors,physicians,醫生,129,150,152,297,323,327 domestic,the,國內的,see『household』(參看「家庭」) Dorian:migration,多利亞人:移民,14,15,17,38,44,138,157,159;women,婦女,357—8,359 Dorians,the,多利亞人,14,18,38,39,136,287 Doricism,多利亞主義,161;see also『Laconism』(另外參看「拉科尼亞主義」) drama,戲劇,10,28,57,63,140,182,211,233,251,254,280,330,356 dramatic and choric agon,the,戲劇和合唱比賽,238—9,242,321,326,330 dreams:significant,夢:有意義的,171;interpreters of,釋夢者,354 drinking vessels,酒器,260;see also『eating and drinking』(另外參看「吃飯和喝酒」) eating and drinking,吃飯和喝酒,166,187,198,203,204,231,235,260,262,263,332—3,333—4,335 ecclesia,ecclesiasts,公民大會,297,299 education,教育,11,56—7,64,79,85,142,161,166,167,168,183ff.,192,197,201,220,222,239,242,243,268,270,271,278,279,292,356,357,362;see also『training』(另外參看「訓練」) egoism,個人主義,66,68,140,247,272,273,276,320,325 Egypt,the Egyptians,埃及,埃及人,11,17,23,40,41,99,135,138,162,202,209,215,218,226,227,299,306,326,330,335,347,355,358 eikei,(taking it as it comes),as a way of living,順其自然地生活,作為一種生活方式,99 eisangelia,國家控告,313 Eleatic school,愛利亞學派,269 elegy,哀歌詩,83,106—7,107—8,133,151,204,262,329,360,361 Eleusinian:games(Eleusinia),埃留西斯的:運動會,206,207,232,324;mysteries,神秘儀式,211 Eleven,the,十一人團,229 eloquence,雄辯,239,247,266,267—8,307,310,314,325,329,350;see also『intellect』,『rhetoric』,『sophists』(另外參看「智力」,「修辭」,「詭辯家」) emigration:to the colonies,移民:到殖民地,160;as a crime,作為一種犯罪,324—5,(travelling)(旅行),355 emotion,new vein of,and Hellenistic age,情感,新的脈絡,希臘化時代,361 emotionalism of the Athenians,and the practice of virtue,雅典人的情感主義,道德的實踐,236—7 Empedocles,恩多培克勒,122,178,241 ends of the earth,life at the,大地的盡頭,生活在,139,148—9,155 endurance of suffering,and true greatness,忍受痛苦,真正的偉大,115—16 enemies,the ability to terrify and harm one’s,as a blessing of life,威嚇和傷害一個人的敵人的能力,作為一種生命的賜福,82 engineers,(military master),機械師,(軍事專家),191,241 enjoyment:of life,享受生活,203,325;the pursuit of,追求,282,304;see also『food』,『pleasure』(另外參看「食物」,「快樂」) enterprise,need for excitement,love of new or extraordinary,of the Athenians,企業,興奮的需求,喜歡新的或超常的,雅典人,226,291,297 envy,嫉妒,72ff.,80,86,88,104,111—12,152,171,196,212,235,276,280,296,309;see also『jealousy of the gods』(另外參看「神的嫉妒」) Epaminondas,伊帕密農達,33,47,287,318,319—20,320,322,327,340,344 ephebeia,成年,183 ephebes,the,年輕人,167,168,183,315 Ephesus,埃菲蘇斯,110,211,216,240 epic cycle,the,史詩周期,25,140 epic poetry,epic poets,史詩,史詩作家,19,20,21,28,42,63,87,94,95,133,140,143,156,163,254,271,329;see also『epic cycle』,『Homer』(另外參看「史詩周期」,「荷馬」) Epicureanism,伊壁鳩魯主義,98,347 Epicurus,伊壁鳩魯,68,123,136,263,268,325—6,327,349;the school of,學派,62,68 epideictic,the,辭藻華麗的,221,267,318,321,350;see also『oratory』(另外參看「演說術」) epigram,格言,72,133,208,262,273,329;hate- epigrams( skoptika ),仇恨詩句,72 epithets,ornamental,in Homer,裝飾性的綽號,在荷馬史詩中,147 equality(and inequality),平等(和不平等),39,45,203,224,225,243,246,271,276,279—80 equestrian:contests,馬術比賽,168,169,170—1,178,237;statues,地位,180;see also『chariots』(另外參看「賽車」) eranos(communal picnic),the,公共野餐,203 Eris(strife),厄利斯(鬥爭),165,188 eros,厄洛斯,199,330 erotic dalliance,in poetry,充滿性愛成分的調情,在詩歌中,360—1 ethics:philosophical,倫理學:哲學的,62,64,65,240,317;Greek,and the mean( meson ),希臘,中庸,64—5;a dual ethic,雙重倫理,79;and the sophists,詭辯家,265,268;and love of man and boy,男人和男孩之愛,361—2;see also『Pythagoreanism』,『Socratic ethic』(另外參看「畢達哥拉斯主義」,「蘇格拉底的倫理」) ethnography,人種學,11,14,21,22,25,42 ethnos,部族,38 Etruscans,the,埃特魯里亞人,164,181 etymology,and the Greeks,詞源學,希臘人,18;see also『names』(另外參看「姓名」) Eubulus,歐布魯斯,297,301,304,307,311 euergesia,公眾的娛樂活動,350 euphemism,and the Athenians,委婉的說法,雅典人,237 Euripides,歐里庇得斯,30,35,67,70,74,76,113,129,130,144,166,222,230,232,244,255,256,257,261,264,268,271,273,276,297,324,330,348,361 excellence(arete),優秀,55,57,64,160,161,165,191,193,239,240,290;see also『kalokagathia』(另外參看「優秀品質」) exceptions,and the polis ,例外,城邦,245,248 existence,the value of human,存在,人的價值,see『birth』,『death 』,『love』,『misery』,『pessimism 』,『suicide』,『worthlessness』(參看「出生」,「死亡」,「愛」,「痛苦」,「自殺」,「毫無價值」) expansion,and the Greeks,拓展,希臘人,139,214;see also『colonies』(另外參看「殖民地」) expediency,權宜之計,78,275 exposure,of infants,棄嬰,29,54,92,l09—11,130,342,359;see also『families』(另外參看「家庭」) external world,Greek perception of,外部世界,希臘人的感受,8,12;see also『natural world』,『subjectivity of perception』,『world』(另外參看「自然世界」,「感覺的主觀性」,「世界」) fables,animal-,動物寓言,208—10 falsehood,the right to,犯錯誤的權利,see『deceitfulness』,『oaths』,『truth』(另外參看「欺騙」,「誓言」,「真理」) fame(pursuit or love of),(追求或熱愛)聲名,71—2,81,82,96,144,149,163,169,170,173,173—4,175,179,181,183,184,196,202,206,207,212,222,230,238,239,242,244,248—9,250,274,288,321,322,326,328,329,337,342,347—8,349,359;see also『celebrity』,『noble fame』,『publicity』(另外參看「名人」,「高貴的聲名」,「公眾性」) families,the family,家庭,26,32,36—7,61,66,87,88,96,l09,111,117ff.,130,158,162,170,173,183,187,203,222,250,252,254,258,277,279,280,288,290,291,292,297,299,315,338—9,354;and the hero,英雄,142;restricting the size of the family,限制家庭的規模,158,also『exposure』,棄嬰;see also『breeding and birth』,『fathers and sons』,『genos』,『paternal authority』,『women』(另外參看「養育和出生」,「父親和兒子」,「氏族」,「父親的權威」,「婦女」) famine,女性的,218,219,287,323 fanatics,agonal,狂熱者,賽會的,180 farming,farmers,務農,農民,185,188,189,201,217—18,307;see also『agriculture』(另外參看「農民」) fashion,時尚,258—9 fate,Fate,the Fates,命運,58—9,86ff.,l04,111,112,273 fate of the Greeks,not the work of chance,希臘人的命運,不是偶然性的安排,81 fathers and sons,父親和兒子,38,66,67,81,92,l00,l08,129,130,142,147,170,172,173,187,190,191,193,200,244,259,279,281,290—2,302,306,316,334,338,339,357;see also『degeneration』(另外參看「退化」) fear:of the gods,懼怕神靈,64,66,146,273;of the supernatural,超自然的,64;in rankings of motives of human conduct,在人類行為動機的排列中,71;of the future,未來,97,104;of punishment after death,死後的懲罰,99,l06;of death,derided,死亡,嘲弄,106;of old age,老年,107;see also『courage』(另外參看「勇氣」) feasts,feasting,宴會,35,148,166,198,203,204,232,239,343 femininity,女性化,200,251,253,361 fencing contests,擊劍比賽,328 ferocity,of the hero,英雄的暴行,142;see also『passion』(另外參看「激情」) festivals,節慶活動,34,44,57,61,73,89,96,118,123,161,162,168,169,176ff.,181,189,207,232,233,240,241,251,275,286,289—90,304,309,321,322,324,329,340,359,360 fiction,humorous(derisive),小說,幽默的(嘲諷的),208 field work,field workers,田間作業,田間作業者,160,189,190,197;see also『farming』,『peasants』,『slaves』(另外參看「務農」,「農民」,「奴隸」) figurative,the:Greek gift for seeing and for,希臘人富於觀察和造型的天賦,133 financial business,金融業,186;see also『money』(另外參看「貨幣」) first and best,the urge always to be,總是力求成為第一和最好的,72,96,140,164,238,245,304,327;see also『success』(另外參看「成功」) fishmongers,fishermen,魚販,漁夫,334 flatterers,toadies,奉承者,獻媚者,198,230,231,261,289,335—6,337,337—8,351—2;see also『parasites』(另外參看「食客」) fleet,the Athenian,艦隊,雅典人的,218,306 flight from the state,逃離國家,see『turning away』(見「轉身」) flute-girls,吹笛少女,259,260,262,263,306,313,359 food,食物,147,334,335;imports,進口,218,332;poets,and cookery,詩人,烹飪,333;the enjoyment of,享受,334;see also『eating and drinking』(另外參看「吃飯和喝酒」) foot race,the,競走,163,167,169,177,180,180—1 foreigners(in the polis ),外國人(在城邦中),187,192,196,218,219,241,279,280,299,304;see also『metics』,『strangers』(另外參看「定居的外邦人」,「陌生人」) forgery:usefulness of the,for cultural history,偽造:用處,對文化史來講,xxxi,l0;and chronologies,年代學,19 forgiveness,諒解,66,278 fortune(and misfortune),運氣(不幸),57,64,72,92,99,99—100,l02ff.,111,121,148,149,241,277,297,326;see also『 Tychai 』,『 Tyche 』,『 wickedness 』(另外參看「命運女神」,「邪惡」) frankness,candour,坦白,坦率,71,204,232,261,263,351;and the akairos,極為不懂人情世故的人,354;see also『self-display』(另外參看「自我展示」) freedom,自由,11—12,53,57—8,60,85,97,133,157,162,184,195,199,203,212,224,232,233,235,279,279—80,291,325,355;see also『liberalism』(另外參看「自由主義」) freshness,and the hero,活力,英雄,140 friendship,friends,友誼,朋友,69,81,82,83,106,198,228,232,233,275,297 funeral:games,葬禮:運動會,141,155,164;rites,l09,112,114,115,223,321;orations,演說,26,223—4,313,321;see also『funerals』,『graves』,『monuments』,『Pericles』(另外參看「葬禮」,「墳墓」,「紀念碑」,「伯里克利」) funerals:and the gymnastic agon,葬禮:體育賽會,164—5;and fame,聲名,321 funerary steles,墳墓旁邊的紀念性石柱,249,340 furnace(fire)and anvil,the despised,火爐和鐵砧,蔑視,192,197 gallantry,騎士風度,358 games,運動會,35,51,160,164,166;see also『agon』,『athletes』,『funeral games』,『gymnasium』,『Olympia』(另外參看「賽會」,「運動員」,「葬禮運動會」,「體育館」,「奧林匹亞」) gardens,gardeners,花園,園丁,146,149,363 genealogies,譜系,14,15,18ff.,25,26,32—4,42,220,278 genos(clan based on descent),氏族,38 gentleness,and the Greeks,溫柔,希臘人,133 geography,地理學,217,362;and myth,神話,22,25,94,137—8,139,149 geometry,an Egyptian invention,幾何學,埃及人的發明,17 gifts,of the gods(or Muses),天賦,神(繆斯),16—17,59,68,81,84,86, l05,142,144,145,147,239,242,261 gladiatorial contests,角斗比賽,164,178,181 glory,光榮,144,172,237,250,347 gluttons( opsophagoi ),gluttony(and poetry),暴食者,暴飲暴食(詩人),75,333,334 go-betweens,中間人,256,342 gods,the,神,16,20,32ff.,58,59,60,63ff.,68,69,70,81ff.,86,88,89ff.,99ff.,114,130,132,139,143,145,150,151,163,188,189,193,195,204,241,244,254,278,280,315,322,323,330;doubt concerning or rejection of belief in,懷疑或拒斥對神的信仰,211,266—7,270,271,272,273,278,359;see also『descent』,『divine wrath』,『gifts』,『jealousy』,『personfication』,『theophanies』(另外參看「世系」,「神怒」,「禮物」,「嫉妒」,「人格化」,「顯靈」) golden age,the,黃金時代,94,l00 good life,the,好的生活,327;see also『blessings of life』(另外參看「生活的賜福」) goodness,of the Homeric world,善,荷馬世界,65;see also『 kalokagathia 』(另外參看「優秀品質」) Gorgias,高爾吉亞,109,178,223,241,250,265,266,267,270,342 gossip,rumour,流言,謠言,73,76,162,212,230,238,256,261,262,291,311,353,354;『club-』「俱樂部-」,202;see also『 leschai 』(另外參看「議事廳」) government:lawful,政府:遵守法律的,222;frivolity of,瑣屑,279;contempt of authorities in,蔑視權威,289 Graces,flight of the,優雅,消失,l06 grammar,education in,(and aidos ),語法,教育,(榮譽),79,166,183 gratitude(and vengeance),感謝,(復仇),67—8,84,241 graves,墳墓,39,46,49,50,174,;80,181,249,250—1,260,297,299,342;the laying waste of,and(political)punishment,廢棄,(政治上的)懲罰,61;see also『monuments,funeral』(另外參看「紀念碑,葬禮」) Greater Greece,大希臘,see『Magna Graecia』 greatheartedness,and the hero,寬宏大量,英雄,140 greatness,偉大,81,244,257 greatness of soul,and the hero,偉大的靈魂,英雄,141,145 grief and mourning,悲傷和哀悼,111,141,142,147,151,30l,321,358;see also『laments for the dead』(另外參看「哀悼死者」) guardianship,護衛,339 guilt(absence of sense of),and false oaths,沒有負罪感,錯誤的誓言,70 gymnasiarchy,the,運動場監督官,167,304 gymnastics,the gymnasium,體育運動,運動場,51,57,161,163ff.,166—8,169,178,181,183,185,186,199,205,206,229,235,237ff.,253,280,326,327,356;and trainers(instructors),訓練員(教練),167,175,180,183 Hades,哈得斯,27,94,105,113,116,166,173,224,273,278 Hannibal,漢尼拔,118,284 happiness,快樂,xxxix,55,81—2,82,83,84,85,93,95,96,98,l02—3,l03,111,115,241,258;of others,其他的,64,326,340 hardening,of the nerves,of feeling(growing a thick skin),and political life,神經和感情的麻木(臉皮變厚),政治生活,73,74,76,77,78,234 harlots( pornai ),妓女,235,252,256,257;slave-( pallachai ),奴隸-(妓女),257,342 harmony,and the whole man,和諧,完整的人,186,193,195 hatred,public acceptability of wholehearted,公眾對全身心的仇恨的接納能力,66 health,健康,82,83,85,129,238,326 heart,lightness of,as a blessing of life,愉快的心境,作為一種生命的賜福,83 heartache( kertomein ),from stinging words,由諷刺造成的心痛,72,74;see also『mockery』(另外參看「嘲諷」) hearth and home,灶台和家,37;see also『families』,『household』(另外參看「家庭」) hearth of Hellas,希臘人的灶台,220,265 hedonist sects and doctrines,享樂主義派別和信條,98,325,327,331,333 hegemony,hegemonies(city-),霸權,霸主,44,46,213,217,225,227,228,230,274,295,296 Hegesias of Cyrene,昔蘭尼的赫格西亞斯,98,123 heiresses,女繼承人,17,339,340,357 heliasts,宗教裁判,297 Hellenes,the,希臘人,13—14,18,23,127,166,168,236,284;Athens and,雅典人和,219,220,222,223,230,231,295,298,311,311—12 Hellenism,Hellenization,希臘主義,希臘化,9,36,282,284,305,318,320,347,355—6,361 helots,希洛人,185,186,188,335,358 Hephaestus,赫淮斯托斯,31,33,150,193,200,254 Hera,赫拉,18,20,89ff.,(Lacinia)(拉奇尼亞),169,175,181,194 Heracles,赫拉克利斯,20,21,22,24,26,29,31,333,35,38,49,88,89—90,116,124,131,132,136ff.,141ff.,146,150,163,175,176,181,183,199,221,255,293,303,320,323,331 Heraclids,the(Heracleidae),赫拉克利斯家族,26,38,221,223,247,288,293,320 Heraclitus,赫拉克利特,122,211,216,232,269 heralds,傳令官,57,151—2,157,215,281 heredity,and character,strength,excellence,遺傳,性格,力量,優秀,142,290;see also『degeneration』(另外參看「退化」) Hermes,赫爾墨斯,20,30,35,95,115,181,183,199,281,330,331 herms,mutilation of the,赫爾墨斯的殘疾,74,229,247,281 Herodotus,希羅多德,50,66,102,103,178,202,206,211,223,245,324—5 heroes,英雄,20ff.,31,32,42,86ff.,116,131,136ff.,150,154—5,163,165,168,172,176,185,195,224,255,315;cult(s)of,崇拜,xxxvii,22,29,35,42,48,58,174;qualities of the hero ,英雄的品質,140—7,163;see also『descent』,『personification』(另外參看「世系」,「人格化」) Hesiod,赫西俄德,42,94,100,130,149,152,155ff.,165,181,188,189,200,209;and the world of Works and Days ,《工作與時日》的世界,64,82,l00,l0l,157—8,185,200 hetaerae(『courtesans』),高級妓女,201—2,202,251,252,257,258,259,306,338,341—2,343,348,349,358—9,360,361 hetaireiai(political clubs,cliques),政治全體,204,248,275,278;see also『cliques』,『gossip』(另外參看「派系」,「流言」) higher life,among the Greeks,and the agon,高級的生活,在希臘人中,賽會,165 highest good,Greek doctrine of the,至善,希臘人的信條,see『blessings of life』(見「生活的賜福」) Hippias,西庇阿斯,241,264—5,265,267,269,270 hippodrome,the,音樂廳,172 Hipponax,希波納克斯,72,73,208 hippotrophia(the keeping of purebred horses),馴養純種馬,131,161,168,170—1,171—2,174,180,189,240,259 historians,歷史學家,305,325 history,歷史學家,xivff.,xviii—xxiv,xl,3ff.,9—10,12,15,36,51,215,267,270,294,356;and mythology,神話學,15—24,26ff.,36,136,155,176,220,225;untruths and,非真理,68;see also『cultural history』,『historians』(另外參看「文化史」,「歷史學家」) holy men,eccentric(founders of weird or strange cults),聖人,怪人(神秘的或奇怪的崇拜的創立者),206,207,211 Homer(『the poet』),荷馬(「詩人」),14,19,20,21—2,42,65,131,133,137,138,140ff.,143,148—9,151,152,152—3,155,163,165,199,206,220,221,225,273,322,349,362;the(heroic)world of,34,(英雄)世界,65,66,79—80,139ff.,146ff.,163—4,165,168;and men as they are,正像他們那樣,155—6,156;rejection of or attacks on,拒斥或攻擊,211,249 homosexual love,同性之愛,199—200,251,340—1,361—2 honour( timé ),榮譽,37,83;and revenge,復仇,67—8;love of(philotimia),熱愛榮譽,71—2;and suicide,自殺,120ff. honourable wealth or gain,光榮的財富或收益,83,158 honours:peddlers of,榮譽販賣者,306,307;a nervous giving of,to powerful and despicable alike,害怕給予強有力的和可鄙的人以榮譽,348—9;see also『rewards』(另外參看「獎勵」) hope,希望,98,l06—7 hospitality,好客,148—9,203,219,221 household,the,家庭,37,55,147—8,158,20l,209,225,235,251,252,253,255—6,258,259,264—5,291,340,342,352,354,358—9,359 human sacrifice,人的獻祭,49—51 humiliation,and the public rebuke,羞辱,公開的指責,77 hunting,狩獵,24,155,156,157,161,189,201;contests,競賽,328 Hyperides,希波里得斯,80,l06,311,312,316,324,328 hypocrisy:and the hero,偽善:英雄,146;and Sparta,斯巴達,243 iambics,iambic poets,短長格詩,短長格詩作者,72,73,200,207,234 idealization,the ideal,理想化,典範,141,146—7,157,185,195,199,20l,220,225,232,237,240,244,255,297,319,326,340,341;see also『Utopias』(另外參看「烏托邦」) ideals,idealists,idealism,理想,理想主義者,理想主義,317,320,321—2,322,347 idyll,see『bucolic poetry』(見「田園詩」) illness,attitude to,對疾病的態度,117 immortality of the gods,and the hero,神靈和英雄的不道德,142 impiety,the charge of,受到不虔誠的指控,see『 asebeia 』(見「瀆神」) indifference,civic,漠不關心,公民的,289,325,346;see also『hardening』,『turning away』(另外參看「麻木」,「轉身」) individual,the:condition and development of,個人的狀況和發展,xiiiff.,xxxvi,6,55ff.,72,95—6,162,166,178,206,211,229,240,243,249,258,273,317,355,359;see also『individuality』,『personalities』,『Panhellenes』(另外參看「個體」,「人格」,「泛希臘」) individuality,individualism,個體,個人主義,133,206,207,211,246,266,293,321—2 indolence,the fame of,以懶惰而出名,228;see also『leisure』(另外參看「閒暇」) industry and manufacture,手工生產,54,188,190,191,192,196,202,217,287;see also『commerce』,『inventions』,『labour』,『manufacturers』,『silver mines』,『trade』(另外參看「商業」,「發明」,「勞力」,「製造業主」,「銀礦」,「經商」) influence,in political life,在政治生活中的影響,253,257,310,318,319,328,358,360;see also『personal power』,『power』(另外參看「個人的力量」,「力量」) informers,in political life,政治生活中的告密者,196,229,281,313 inheritance:rights of,繼承權,37—8,38,338,340;and guarding against swindlers,保護(人們)免於受騙,301—2;and adoption,領養,338—9 inner:life,內在的生活,135,155,205,325;weakness of the Greek cities,希臘城市的虛弱,316—17;superiority and vitality of the Greek tradition,希臘傳統的優勢和活力,347 innocence,of the hero,英雄的天真,145—6 intellect:refinement of,知識上的精緻化,65;honouring of the,without wealth,以此為榮,沒有財富,235,343—4;power of,力量,and developed medium,發展起來的媒介,268;dimming of the,模糊,275;see also『learning』(另外參看「學習」) intellectual:supremacy,and Athens,知識的至高無上,雅典,206,305;life,and political decline,生活,政治的衰落,294,346 intensity,of living(and suffering),緊張,生活(痛苦),57,95,178 intrigue,intriguers,陰謀,陰謀家,229,230,298 inventions,發明,17,135,136,149,219 inventors,mythical,發明家,神話的,149,166 Ionia,the Ionians,the Ionian cities,愛奧尼亞,愛奧尼亞人,愛奧尼亞城市,14,38—9,39,43,44,53,128,137,138,161,162,187,201,206,211,213,214,215,221,222,231,232,247,250,287,305,317;Ionian style of high-living,愛奧尼亞高級的生活方式,206;Ionian school,愛奧尼亞學派,210,211 irony,the costs of Socratic,蘇格拉底的諷刺的代價,76—7 Islands of the Blessed,至福群島,139,155 Isocrates,伊索克拉底,21,182,191,222,230,292,297—8,304,305,308,318,320,325,326,329,342,349 Isthmian games,the,伊斯特摩亞競技會,169,174,327 Italy(southern),義大利(南部)22,175,181,187,211,214,318,340,361;see also『Magna Graecia』(另外參看「大希臘」) jealousy(or envy)of the gods,the,神靈的嫉妒,66,86,88—9,92,94,102,104,273 jeering,嘲笑,see『mockery』,參看「嘲諷」 jesters( gelotopoioi ),小丑,151,332,337 jokes,jokers(wits),笑話,講笑話者(風趣),259,263,331,337,361 judges,agonal,裁判,賽會的,163,164,182,239,280,330 jumping,跳遠,163,167 justice,正義,52,54,55,64,66,67,74,77,82,l00,158,161,219,227,289;see also『lawcourts』(另外參看「法庭」) kalokagathia(nobility,wealth and excellence),the ideal of,「優秀品質」的理想,65,160,161,193,199,238,239,240—1,280,308 knowledge:and the sophists,知識:詭辯家,269—70;the flourishing of,興盛,328;of nature,自然,362;see also『natural world』,『positive knowledge』,『practical knowledge』(另外參看「自然世界」,「確定的知識」,「實用的知識」) kottabos,潑酒遊戲,259 labour,勞力,102,158,356;and the hero and heroic world,英雄和英雄世界,89—90,147,149;see also『banausic』,『toil』(另外參看「物質性的」,「勞作」) Laconism,Laconising,Laconists,拉科尼亞主義,拉科尼亞主義者,203,208,236,264,353 lalos,the,講話囉唆的人,352 laments for the dead( threnoi ),對死者進行哀悼,l04,111,329 Lamian War,拉米亞戰爭,106,174,224,317,344 land:ownership,土地所有權,160,186ff.,191,192,213,218,332,340,353;income from,收入來源,189;tenancy,租用,218,298;see also『inheritance』,『ownership』,『property』(另外參看「繼承」,「所有權」,「財產」) landscape,natural and urban,風景,自然的和城市的,362—3;see also『natural world』(另外參看「自然世界」) laughter,笑聲,73,76—7,98—9,150,263,331,332,334,357 law and order,法律和秩序,215,279,300 lawbreaking,犯法,290;see also『crime』(另外參看「犯罪」) lawcourts,法庭,51,57,73,78,80,222,228,239,2. 48,267,278,300,302,303,305,306,307,309;prosecution,defence and witnesses in,起訴,辯護和作證,66,70,73,80,219,225,227,228,229,300,301,301—2,302,302—3,303,306,307,312,313,315,316,324,328,336,338—9,345,353;trials in,and the agon,審判,賽會,166,183;see also『Areopagus』,『asebeia』,『assemblies』,『atimia』,『denunciation』,『eisangelia』,『Eleven』,『informers』,『laws』,『litigiousness』,『oaths』,『orators』,『sophists』,『sycophants』(另外參看「戰神山會議」,「瀆神」,「集會」,「剝奪公民權」,「詆毀」,「國家控告」,「十一人團」「告密者」,「法律」,「好訟」,「誓言」,「演說家」,「詭辯家」,「獻媚者」) lawgiving,lawgivers,立法,立法者,35,59,60,79,176,213,222 laws,the law,法律,xxi,xxxvi,35,57,59—60,60,l04,l06,160,187,199—200,203,218—19,219,252,266,277,280,293,299—300,300,324,335,338;see also『defeat in war』,『conscience』,『inheritance』,『lawcourts』,『lawgiving』,『martial law』,『nomos』,『ostracism』,『 psephismata 』,『rule of law』,『succession』(另外參看「戰敗」,「良心」,「遺產」,「法庭」,「立法」,「婚姻法」,「律法」,「陶片放逐法」,「大眾法規」,「法律規定」,「繼承」) learning and scholarly study,學習和研究,305,317,328,346,356;see also『libraries』,『scholars』(另外參看「圖書館」,「學者」) leisure,idleness(argia),閒暇,71,185—6,189,198—9,229,232,289,295,30l,306,310,356;see also『indolence』(另外參看「懶惰」) leitourgiai(at Athens),公益服務(雅典),167,259,343;see also『choregia』,『gymnasiarchy』,『trierarchy』(另外參看「捐助」,「運動場監督官」,「三列槳戰艦修造費」) leschai,議事廳,l09,158,257,264,347;see also『conversation』,『gossip 』,『talk』(另外參看「交談」,「流言」,「談話」) Leuctra,battle of,留克特拉戰役,293—4,294,295,296,319,327,330,340,357 liberalism,liberal arts,activities,education,自由主義,文藝,行為,教育,186,191,192,222 libraries,books,圖書館,書籍,206,269,270 life:itself as a blessing,see『pessimism』,生活:本身作為一種賜福,見「悲觀主義」;love of,熱愛,106,109,see also『 philopsychia 』,見「依戀生命」;itself,as a spectacle,本身作為一種展示,198—9;living,to the full,生活,全部,205,232;reform of Greek,and the Italian Pythagoreans,希臘的改革,義大利的畢達哥拉斯學派的信徒,319 litigiousness,好訟,228—9,280,338—9 localization of myth,神話的地方化,28—30,137—9 logic,邏輯,268—9,270 logography,散文紀事,15 lot,choice or appointment by,通過抽籤來選擇或任命,49,50,218,260,303,309 love,for one’s enemies,愛,為了敵人,68;to obtain what one loves,as a blessing of life,得到所愛,作為一種生命的賜福,82;love and marriage,愛情和婚姻,252,258,359;the『love relationship』,愛情關係,see『passion,romantic』,見「激情,浪漫的」;see also『fame』,『homosexual love』,『honour』,『life』,『love affairs』,『truth』,『wisdom』(另外參看「聲名」,「同性之愛」,「榮譽」,「生活」,「戀愛」,「真理」,「智慧」) love affairs,戀愛,109,253,258,259,263,280 loyalty,the flight of,忠誠的遁失,100,106,280 Lucian,琉善,85,193,194,195 Lucretius,盧克萊修,136 luxury,奢侈,162,187,235,259,304,330,332,333,342,343,359 Lycurgus(orator),來庫古(演說家)33,224,313—14,315—16,325 Lydia,the Lydians,呂底亞,呂底亞人,187,191,20l,206,216 lyre–players,instruction by,豎琴演奏者,教育,see『citharists』,見「彈唱藝人」 lyric poetry,lyric poets,抒情詩,抒情詩人,210,329,347 Lysander,來山德,227,243,248,250,252,289,292—3,322,329 Lysias,呂西阿斯,76,77,223,291,327,342 Lysippus,呂西普斯,174,331 Macedonia,the Macedonians,馬其頓,馬其頓人,46,224,230,251,280,283,287—8,289,305,309,310,312,316,317,321,324,345,347,349 Magna Graecia(Greater Greece),大希臘,31,79,212,224,239,283—4,286,320,355;see also『Italy』(另外參看「義大利」) mankind as a whole,and philosophical ethics,作為整體的人類,哲學倫理學,240 Mantinea,battle of,曼丁尼亞戰役,47,30 mantis,the,釋夢者,354;see also『prophecy』,見「預言」 manufacturers,wealthy,and the polis,製造業主,財富,城邦,191 manysidedness,versatility,多邊性,多功能性,205,231,243,264 Marathon,battle of,馬拉松戰役,26,35,39,56,214,215,223,241 Mardonius,瑪多尼烏斯,215,216,274 markets,市場,41,52,197—8,231—2 marriage,婚姻,37,l09,143,200,202,241,252,255—6,258,291,299, 302,313,338,339,340,342,358,359,360;see also『courtship』(另外參看「求婚」) martial law,婚姻法,57,96,117,274—5 Massalia,voluntary and natural deaths in,馬賽里亞,自願的和自然的死亡,115 masses( plethos ),the( in the polis ),普通大眾,(在城邦中),189,192;rule of,統治,60 mathematics,數學,191;see also『geometry』(另外參看「幾何學」) mean( meson ),the(golden),中庸,(黃金的),64—5,205 measurement against others,自我評價,166,238,239,243;see also『 agon 』,『first and best』,『self-display』(另外參看「賽會」,「第一和最好」,「自我展示」) medicine,醫學,117,323,337 medium,developed intellectual,and mediating communicators,媒介,發展起來的思想的,作為中介的交流者,268,328—9 megalomania,自大狂,229,243,317,347 Megaran school,麥加拉學派,269 melancholy,and the Hellenistic age,憂鬱,希臘化時代,361,362 Melos affair,the,米洛斯事件,247 memory,記憶,60,174—5,175,242,249;see also『fame』,『mnemonics』(另外參看「聲名」,「記憶術」) mercenaries,僱傭軍,47,282,283,285,286,306,307,312,326,355 merchants,商人,186,187,304,307,356;see also『trading』(另外參看「經商」) merit,and privilege in the state,功績,國家中的特權,224 merriment,歡樂,261;an addiction to,沉溺於,331 metempsychosis,靈魂轉世,114,122,212 metics,定居的外邦人,53,64,162,191—2,192,196,218,219,232,241,278—9,301,302,304,312 middle classes,the:and work,中產階級,工作,184 migrations,遷移,14—15,17,42;and myth,神話,17—19,42—3,87,136;to commercial centres,migrants,商業中心,移民,187,191,192;see also『Dorian migration』(另外參看「多利亞人的遷移」) Milesian legends,the:as a literary genre,米利都神話,作為一種文學的風格,360—1 military:service,and the polis ,軍事服務,城邦,56,58,59,79,224,227,277,283,296,307,312,315,325;states,國家,214;training,訓練,225,327,348,361 mind:(or spirit),the Greek,精神,希臘,4,8,34,63,64,133,161;pleasures of the,accessible to all,快樂,所有人能夠得到的,234,344;life of the,and stormy periods of history,生活,歷史上的動盪時期,262 minstrels,see『bards』(游吟詩人) misanthropy,反人類,l00—1,175,233,325 miser and penny-pincher,the,吝嗇鬼和守財奴,354 misery(wretchedness,suffering,sadness)of human life,人生的悲慘,93—4,96,99ff.,110,113,175,232,280 misfortune,厄運,see『fortune』見「運氣」 mistrust,不信任,229,243,354 mnemonics,記憶術,60,270 mob,the,烏合之眾,290,30l mockery,jeering,嘲諷,打趣,42,72ff.,130,145,187,200,203,207,208,220,224,230,233—4,234,237,241,261,289,296,309,331,332;see also『jokes』,『laughter』,『merriment』,『sarcasm』,『wit』(另外參看「笑話」,「笑聲」,「歡樂」,「嘲笑」,「風趣」) moderation,適中,see『 sophrosyne 』,見「中庸之道」 modesty,the flight of,謙遜的遁失,l00,241 monarchy,君主國,340;world-monarchies,世界性君主國,214—15 money,錢,186,188,234—5,298;(not owing it),and the blessings of life,歉錢,生活的賜福,83;—lending,借錢,188,197,198;working for or the need to earn(illiberal or banausic),為錢工作或者需要賺錢(不自由的或物質性的),190,191,193,197,198,199,343;living without,or without earning,沒有錢生活,或者沒有收入,198—9,30l,336,343,344; changers,錢幣兌換者,305,343;and public orators,公共演說家,307;and Athens,雅典,308—9;see also『miser』,『poverty』,『public finance』,『riches』,『taxes and tithes』,『wealth』(另外參看「吝嗇鬼」,「貧窮」,「公共財政」,「富人」,「稅收和什一稅」,「財富」) monogamy,霸權,37 monotheism,一神教,97,273,328 monuments,紀念碑,249—50,291,348;agonal,賽會的,144,174,179—80;at Olympia,as all-Greece publicity,在奧林匹亞,全希臘的公共活動,179;funeral,葬禮,321,342—3;see also『graves』,『statues』(另外參看「墳墓」,「雕塑」) moral:decay,of the Greek nation,道德衰落,希臘民族,69,275,288,317;character or disposition,and the blessings of life,性格和氣質,生活的賜福,82;indifference,and the sophists,漠不關心,詭辯家,265—6 morality(immorality),morals,moral standards,道德(不道德),道德上的,道德標準,xxxviii,63,64,65,140,236,273 275,276,277,282,288,300,306,310—11,317,319,340;see also『ethics』,『virtue』(另外參看「倫理學」,「德性」) mortality,道德,93,l07,111,260 motives of human conduct,人類行為的動機,71,184 music,musicians,音樂,音樂家,xxvii,57,60,79,155,161,182,192,193,203,204,233,241,259,261,280,329;see also『musical agon』,『song』(另外參看「音樂賽會」,「歌曲」) musical(poetic)agon,the,音樂(詩歌)賽會,155,164,169,173,178,181—2,201,205,324,326,328 mysteries,the,神秘儀式,229,251,281;see also『Dionysian』,『Eleusinian』(另外參看「狄俄倪索斯的」,「厄琉西斯的」) myth(Greek),神話(希臘)7,l0,14—36,49—50,58,64,65,81,87ff.,130—1,132,136ff.,161,163,169,183,184,2001,207,209,220,221—2,223,233,244,254,255,262,271,272,274,316,356,360,361;(Attic),(阿提卡),220,222;the ruin or rejection of,破壞和拒斥,211,271—3,328,356;see also『history』,『poetry』(另外參看「歷史」,「詩歌」) naïveté,of the hero and his world,天真,英雄和他的世界,140—1,144—6,150 nakedness,the nude,裸體,179,324,331,361 names,naming,the Greeks and,名字,起名,希臘人,18—19,20,39,130—2,170—1,203;see also『euphemism』(另外參看「委婉的說法」) national misfortune,民族的災難,217 nationalism,Hellenic,民族主義,希臘的,168,169;see also『Panhellenic sentiment』(另外參看「泛希臘的情感」) natural gifts,天賦,133,186,239,267;and depravity,墮落,292 natural superiority,and the agon,自然的優勢,賽會,165 natural world:the Greeks and the,希臘人和自然世界,97,362;enquiry into the,探究,210,269ff. neighbours,鄰居,158,165,280 Nemean games,涅墨亞運動會,169 nobility,the,貴族,see『aristocracy』,見「貴族制」 nobility,noble character,the noble,貴族,高貴的品格,高貴的,55,65,75,83,161,186,188,195,219,276,345;and beauty,美,129;(of soul)and the hero,(靈魂)和英雄,140,141,152;see also『 kalokagathia 』,『noble』,『 olbos 』(另外參看「優秀品格」,「高貴的」,「幸福生活」) noble:fame( kleos esthlon ),the first desire of true Greeks,高貴的聲名,真正的希臘人最想得到的東西,81;culture,文化,186;idlers,遊手好閒的人,190;ambition,野心,225;blood,and base,血統,低下,241;ideal of morality in women,婦女的道德理想,340 nomos,法律,59—60 notoriety,臭名昭著,202,249,310,322,325,350;see also『celebrity』(另外參看「名人」) number and variety,of states and cults,and freedom of mind,數量和種類,國家和崇拜,精神的自由,133 nurses,保姆,111,142,153,200,242,256 oaths,oath-taking,誓言,發誓,68—70,106,276,280,290,293,315 objectivity,客觀性,xvi,xxviii,xxx,xxxi—xxxii,12,78,143,234,275 objects(mythical,magical,significant),對象(神話的,神奇的,有意義的),30—31,143,150,172 occultists,超自然主義者,250 odes,epinician and hymeneal,勝利的和婚慶的頌歌,329 Odysseus,奧德賽,22,24,29,53,72,91,93,104,115—116,129,138,141,143ff.,149ff.,159,163,164,165,183 olbos,幸福生活,82,l03,147 old age:and the Greeks,老年,希臘人,81,83,92,94,l05,l07—9,114—15,117,122ff.,128,129,173;and heroes,英雄,142 oligarchy,oligarchs,寡頭政制,寡頭,186,241,275,292ff.,308,326,345,355 Olympia,Olympic games(competitors,victors),奧林匹亞,奧林匹亞運動會(競技者,優勝者)31,69,132,163,166,167,169ff.,176—9,179ff.,191,194,196,237ff.,246,250,267,269,326,327,328;reckoning by Olympiads,由四年一次的奧林匹亞運動會來計算,20,21,169 Olympias,奧林匹亞斯,283,360 omens,徵兆,49,131,(skill in interpreting)(解釋的技藝),161 openhandedness,of the Greek nobility,慷慨,希臘的貴族,161 openness of Attic life,阿提卡生活的開放性,351 opinion of others,Greek dependence on the,希臘人對其他人的看法的依賴,96,l04,184 optimism,樂觀主義,97,97—8,98,224,225,297 oracles,神諭,xxxvii,26,30,31,43,49,50,92,176,180,193,271,293,345;see also『Delphi』,『 kottabos 』(另外參看「德爾斐」,「潑酒遊戲」) oratorical agon,the,演說賽會,182—3,239,267,321 oratory,orators,演說術,演說家,10,55,73,76,77,78—9,131,178,191,194,195,220,221,222,224,229,230,231,239,244,265,266,267,277,278,286,290,294,297,300,302,305,306,307—8,308ff.,316,318,329,350;see also『eloquence』,『funeral orations』,『oratorical agon』,『rhetoric』,『sophists』(另外參看「雄辯」,「墓前演說」,「演說賽會」,「修辭學」,「詭辯家」) order and authority,and the democratic polis ,秩序和權威,民主城邦,279—80,289 orpheotelestes,the,密儀祭司,354 Orphism,奧爾菲斯神秘宗教,l0l,114 ostracism(the law of),陶片放逐法(法律),242,245 otherness,the Greeks and,差異,希臘,133 outlaws,逃犯,289 ownership,methods of deciding land,確定土地所有權的方法,17—18,43;see also『inheritance』,『property』(另外參看「遺產」,「財產」) painting,painters,繪畫,畫家,241,250,274,346,359,362;and the agon,賽會,183;and the banausic,物質性的,196—7,242 palaestra,the,體育學校,161,166,167,181,277 Pan,潘,20,34,35 Panathenaea,the,泛雅典娜節,27,178,181,206,232,251,292,304 Pandora,潘多拉,102,200 Panhellenes,『virtuous』,泛希臘,「有道德的」,317ff.,340 Panhellenic agon,(sites of)the,泛希臘的賽會,(舉辦地),168—9,181,223,233,250,267;see also『publicity』(另外參看「公眾性」) Panhellenic sentiment(patriotism),Panhellenism,泛希臘的感情(愛國主義),泛希臘主義,216,312,318,320,321—2 pankration,pankratiasts,古希臘式搏擊,古希臘式搏擊運動員,167,172,174,175,179,328 parasites,parasitism,食客,寄生,198,229,235,260,301,332,335—7,344,351;see also『flatterers』(另外參看「奉承者」) parody,lack of,and sculpture,滑稽的表演,缺少,雕塑,330 parties,factions,in political life,黨派,集團,在政治生活中,60,61,66,159,204,215,236,248,251,274,275,275—6,276,278,286,292,293,295,310,311,319,355;see also『 hetaireiai 』(另外參看「政治團體」) passion:and violence,(and the polis ),熱情:暴力,(城邦),45ff.,51,57,61,62,64,73,238,241,274,275,285,294,308;(of the Homeric world)(荷馬的世界),65;(scope allowed to,in tragedy)(允許的範圍,在悲劇中),67,256;and Stoicism,斯多噶主義,68;and the Homeric hero,荷馬的英雄,140,141,142;Athenians』,雅典人的,226,247;romantic,浪漫的,258,259,359,361 passions,the:happiness and,熱情,幸福,84;the gods and,神,273 pastoral poetry,see『bucolic poetry』見「田園詩 」 paternal authority,父親的權威,38,109,359 patriarchal:ideal,父權的:理想,161;view,看法,30l patriotism,愛國主義,56,l03,276,298,308,311,314,315,316,318,325,340 Pausanias,波雪梨阿斯,17,18,19,29,30—1,131,181,251 peasants,peasant life,農民,農業生活,45,146,156,157—8,185,188,189,190;see also『helots』(另外參看「希洛人」) peculation,盜用,70—1,73,76,277,281,300,313,316 Peisistratids,the,皮西特拉圖家族,32,222 Pelopidas,佩洛皮達斯,288,296,318,319,321 Peloponnesian War,伯羅奔尼撒戰爭,46,69,72,75,137,170,193,195,217,219,224,228,230,233,235,257,274,276,282,283,288,289,295,312 people,the,人民,xxxvi,217,239,248,279,297,300,310,314,343;see also『demos』(另外參看「德莫斯」) Peregrinus Proteus,佩里格瑞努斯·普洛透斯,124,178,350 Pericles,伯利克里,xxxvii,xl,26,30,72,73,11l,178,191,192,197,225ff.,242,243,245,257,258,20l,295,338,344;funeral oration of,墓前演說,26,l06,223,224,224—5,232,241,290,291;image and reality of Athens in the age of,伯利克里時代的雅典的圖景與現實,86,96,106,230—1,232,235,295 perjury,偽證,30l,315;see also『lawcourts』,『oaths』(另外參看「法庭」,「誓言」) perpetual youth,and the hero,永葆青春,英雄,142 persecution and exploitation,of the rich,迫害和剝削,富人,327,330,343;see also『wealth』(另外參看「財富」) Persia,the Persians,波斯,波斯人,25,69,224ff.,226,227,245,247,274,276,283,287,311,314,362 Persian Wars,希波戰爭,25,46,215—17,223,238,273,274,299,309,315 personal power,個人的力量,60,96,243—5,244,245,266,274,282,289; see also『influence』,『power』(另外參看「影響」,「力量」) personalities(great,individual,vigorous),人格(偉大的,個體的,有活力的),72,232,242—8;see also『individual』,『self–display』(另外參看「個體的」,「自我展示」) personality:the power of,人格的力量,239;the free,自由人,325 personification,人格化,18—19,42,130,136,181,242,245 pessimism,Greek,悲觀主義,希臘,xxxviiiff.,(prehistory of)(史前時代)85—95,(in the historical period)(歷史時期)95—124,142,155,297,331 Phaeacians,the,淮阿喀亞人,34,52,93,131,146,148,148—9,164,165 Pheidias,菲迪亞斯,194,195,196,196—7 Philip(II)of Macedon,馬其頓的腓力二世,172,193,271,286ff.,308ff.,320,322,323,324,331,337,341 Philopoemen,菲洛波曼,347,348 philopsychia(excessive love of life),依戀生命,121,122,123 philosophy,philosophers,the philosophic,哲學,哲學家,哲學的,9,10,55,68,75,77,84—5,97—8,122—4,129,166,167,178,187,188—9,190,195,199,210,211,232,237,240,241,244,264,265,267,268,270,271,273,289,305,317,319,325,327ff.,344,346,349,355,356,362『Phocian despair』,弗西斯人的絕望,118 Phocion,福西翁,290,292,307,312,317,344—5 Phoenicia,the Phoenicians,腓尼基,腓尼基人,17,20,40—1,57,133,138,150,186,214,227,242 phratriai(brotherhoods),胞族,38 phylai(『tribes』),部落,38—40,182,304,356 physical assault,the bearing of,暴力襲擊,忍受,77—8 physique(characteristic appearance):of the Greeks,體格(外貌特徵):希臘人,127—8;of the old Athenians,從前的雅典人,236 physiognomy,physiognomics,面相,面相學,128—9 piety( eusebeia ),虔敬,161,219,273,290,315,326;the flight of,遁失,100 Pindar,品達,26,32,36,58—9,84,94,106,160,170,172,173,177,201,237,241,261,329,349 piracy,pirates,海盜,44,45,131,136,158—9,291,305,306 planomenoi(homeless,wanderers),the,無家可歸的人,326 Plataea,battle of,普拉提亞戰役,26,214,216,223,250,288,315 Plato,柏拉圖,33,65,84—5,97—8,189,190,246,253,265,268,269,277,278ff.,290,319,322,325ff.,340; Symposium ,《會飲篇》,262—3 pleasure,pleasure–seeking,快樂,追求快樂,55,66,68,71,84,85,97—8,98—9,99,161,204,273,278,30l,304,305,306,310,312,317,329,331,332—3,336,342,344,358,362;see also『hedonist seeks and doctrines』,『mind』(另外參看「享樂主義派別和信條」,「精神」) Plutarch,普魯塔克,28,65,85,187,193,263,312,316,319 poetic agon,the,詩歌賽會,see『musical agon』,參看「音樂賽會」 poetics,詩歌的,330 poetry,poets,詩歌,詩人,9,10,22,25,51,55,56,57,65,76,97,99,129,130,133,139,140,150,151,179,182,187,193,20l,203,206,210,213,233,241,251,254,260,267,273—4,276,278,316,329—30,341,342,346—7,356—7,361,362 polis,the,城邦,xxxv—xxxvii,xli,24,25,27,28,37—62,65,71,72,78,79,80,96,98,l02,l09,114,133,133—4,157,159,160,163,168,169,178,186,187,189ff.,200,201,208,212,213,218,219,228,238,243,244,248,258,274,282,285,289,294,297,307,317,320,322,324—5,328,333,334,336,346,349,355,361;see also『apolitia』,『city』,『common good』,『contract』,『cosmopolitanism』,『democracy』,『indifference』,『intensity』,『political life』,『population』,『power』,『punishment』,『religion』,『rewards』,『rulers and ruled』,『state』,『synoecism』,『turning away』,『vitality』(另外參看「背離城邦」,「城市」,「公益」,「契約」,「世界主義」,「民主制度」,「漠不關心」,「緊張」,「政治生活」,「人口」,「力量」,「懲罰」,「宗教」,「獎勵」,「統治者和被統治者」,「國家」,「聯合一統」,「轉身」,「活力」) politeness,禮貌,148—9,261,264 political(and sociopolitical)thought,argument,theorizing,政治(和社會政治的)思想,觀點,理論化,210,213,325,330 political(public)life( polis-being ),政治(公共的)生活(城邦的動物),xxxvi,49,55,57,57—8,60—1,64,71,73,75—6,80,96,186,189,190,194,201,204,216,222,225,226,227—8,228—30,235,262,267,271ff.,279,280,281,286,288—90,292,295ff.,303,304,307—8,309,316,317,318,325,326,328,329—30,338,343,355,358;see also『polis』(另外參看「城邦」) politics,politicization,and the heroic age,政治學,政治化,英雄時代,144,220 pollution( miasma ),and the hero,污染,英雄,92,141 Polycleitus,波呂克雷圖斯,194,195,196 polytheism,多神教,xxxvii,(polydaemonism),(多方精靈),29,64,362 poor,the,窮人,84,110—11,276,279,297,298,325,334—5;see also『poverty』(另外參看「貧窮」) popularity,in political life,means to,受到大眾歡迎的方法,在政治生活中,167 population:limiting the,of the polis ,限制人口,城邦,53—4,(of citizens)(公民)64,162;movements,and changes in,運動,變化,284,285,286,286—7;see also『colonies』,『 dioikizein 』,『migrations』,『synoecism』(另外參看「殖民地」,「發配到獨立的地區」,「遷移」,「聯合一統」) poristai(extractors),勒索者,74 portraiture,肖像,73,179,250,359,361 Poseidon,波塞冬,17,21,31,32,33,50,91,148,163,168,176,220,238,250,356 positive knowledge,確定的知識,265 poverty:and Athens,貧窮,雅典,297,303,309;voluntary,自願的,76,84,96,297,343,344;honourable and capable,光榮的和有能力的,343—4;see also『money』,『poor』(另外參看「錢」,「貧窮」) power(political),力量(政治上的),xxxvi,40,45,51,57—8,59,60—1,66,72,213,244,253,274,275—6,289,292,293,296,30l,304,305,318,325,345,349,359;see also『influence』,『personal power』,『political life』(另外參看「影響」,「個人的力量」,「政治生活」) practical knowledge,and the sophists,實用的知識,詭辯家,268—9,269 Praxiteles,普拉克西忒勒斯,196,324,330—1,342 price-fixing(rings),固定價格,218 pride,驕傲,65,96,244,300;see also『self-praise』,(另外參看「自我誇耀」),prime of life,the,在生活中的首要位置,91,l07,128 private:life,私人生活,224,231,244,259,273,280,300,324ff.,336,355,358;luxury,奢侈,304,330,343,see also「Luxury」,參看「奢侈」 prizes,agonal,獎品,賽會的,164,165,170ff.,174,178,181,183,238,328 Prodicus of Ceos,刻俄斯的普羅狄庫斯,265,267 profit,利潤,71,300 『progress』,and the Greeks,「發展」,希臘人,135—6;progress,and Athens,發展,雅典,226,245 proletariat,urban,無產階級,城市,52,356 Prometheus,普羅米修斯,16,87,l01,136,200 property,rights of,財產權,37,37—8,38;common,公共,38;personal,and the polis,私人的,城邦,58;in Hesiod’s world,在赫西俄德的世界,158;income from,收入來源,185;universal equality of,普遍平等,276;loss of,by son,由於兒子失去,280,291;see also『ownership』(另外參看「所有權」) prophecy,prophets,預言,預言家,92—3,176,278;prophets of new religions,新宗教的預言家,250;see also『 mantis 』,『seers』(另外參看「解夢者」,「先知」) prosperity,as a blessing of life,富足,作為一種生命的賜福,81,82;see also『 olbos 』,『wealth』(另外參看「榮譽」,「財富」) prostitution,prostitutes,賣淫,妓女,200,201,202,257;see also『harlots』,『hetaerae』,『whores』(另外參看「妓女」,「高級妓女」,「妓女」) Protagoras of Abdera,阿布德拉的普羅泰戈拉,265,266,268,269 prudence(imprudence),謹慎(魯莽),99,245,273,276,280 prytaneion,議事會執行委員會會廳,45,51,73,220 psephismata(popular decrees),大眾法規,60 Ptolemies,the,托勒密,355,358,363 Ptolemy(III)Euergetes,托勒密(三世)·奧爾格特斯,349,357,358 public:speaking,公開講話,229,239,266;opinion,觀點,241,253—4;finance,金融,299,301,308—9;works,工作,304;see also『oratory』,『political life』,『taxes and tithes』(另外參看「演說術」,「政治生活」,「稅收和什一稅」) publicity,公眾性,178—9,239,240,250,265,321,342,350 punishment:(penalties)in the polis ,城邦中的懲罰,46,57,61,67,78,79,114,196,203,218,229,242,247,258,279,294,299,300,301,304,307,313,316,325,335,345;after death,死後,101,113,114,278,345 purification( katharsis ),淨化儀式,141,354 purity,of the Homeric world,純淨,荷馬世界,65,146 Pythagoras,畢達哥拉斯,35,56,68,77,97,211—12,318 Pythagoreanism,the(Italian)Pythagoreans,畢達哥拉斯主義,(義大利的)畢達哥拉斯學派信徒,101,114,122,212,317,318—19,319,340,344 Pythian games,the,皮提亞運動會,164,169,171,178,181—2,183 races,fabulous or half-fabulous,種族,虛構的或半虛構的,25,139,148 rape,(the threat of)強姦,(威脅),120,200 reading,閱讀,356;see also『learning』,『libraries』(另外參看「學習」,「圖書館」) realism,and Homer,現實主義,荷馬,143—4,156 reason,理性,205,271,273 recklessness,rashness,魯莽,魯莽的,226,228,243,245,274,312 recognition( anagnorisis ),of offspring,認可(棄嬰),後代,110,200 reflection,(and sensibility)反映(情感)65,205,222,271,273,317;Philosophical,哲學的,210 refuge,refugees,流亡,流亡者,215,219,221,230,286,319,325 religion,宗教,xxxvii—xxxviii,37,57—8,58,60,64,101,161,182,204,206,210—12,214,266,273,278,288,298,319,328,349,354,356,357;the polisas itself a,把本身當作一種宗教的城邦,58,288;see also『 deisidaimonia 』,『cult』,『gods』,『monotheism』,『oracles』,『pollution』,『polytheism』,『prophecy』,『purification』,『ritual』,『sacrifice』,『soothsayer』,『temples』(另外參看「對神靈的敬畏」,「崇拜」,「神靈」,「神諭」,「人口」,「多神教」,「預言」,「淨化儀式」,「儀式」,「犧牲」,「占卜者」,「神廟」) renunciation:of pleasure,拒斥快樂,344;of political life,政治生活,see『turning away』,見「轉身」 repentance,悔恨,101,298;and the hero,英雄,140 reputation:a noble or high,as a blessing of life,高貴的或高的聲望,作為一種生命的賜福,82,82—3;pride of,驕傲,290 resentment,and the gods,怨恨,神靈,66 resignation,and the Greeks,屈從,希臘人,95 respect,尊敬,83,251,252,291,299,322,359;see also『disrespect』(另外參看「不敬」) restlessness,general,不安,普遍的,274 revenge,vengeance,復仇,報復,xxxviii,61,66—8,72—3,87,88,141,229,275,303,315;see also『divine wrath』(另外參看「神怒」) reverence,due to parents and the dead,應該對父母和死者的敬意,315—16 revolutions,革命,275;city-,城市-,295 rewards:in the polis (civic honours),獎勵:在城邦(公民的榮譽),57,61,94,174,196,249—50,265,306,308,314,320—20,322—3;in the afterworld,在來世,113,278;divine,on earth,神聖的,今生,278;see also『honours』,『prizes』(另外參看「榮譽」,「獎金」) rhapsodes,游吟詩人,15,178,181,327 rhetoric,rhetoricians,修辭學,修辭學家,24,167,223,224,267,268,270,328,330;see also『eloquence』,『oratory』,『sophists』(另外參看「雄辯」,「演說術」,「詭辯家」) riches:and ostentatious display,富人:炫耀,84,198,235,239,241,304;(with intelligence),as a blessing of life,(智力),作為一種生命的賜福,85;and political leadership,政治上的領導權,235;new,新的,239;refusal of proffered,拒收供品,244—5;see also『wealth』(另外參看「財富」) riddles,謎語,259,332 ridicule,and philosophy,嘲笑,哲學,77;see also『mockery』(另外參看「嘲諷」) right of the stronger,doctrine of the,強者的權利,信條,266 rights:discussion of,權利:討論,213;demand for,not duties,需要,並非義務,301 ritual,rites,儀式,35,140,177,207,225,278,315,340;see also『purification』(另外參看「淨化儀式」) Rome,Empire,the Romans,羅馬,帝國,羅馬人,12,23—4,31,32,34,36,40,58,70,96,109,110,110—11,112,121,123,130,163,193,223,242—3,267,268,282,283,284,289,333,337,350,359 rule of law,the,法律規定,59 rulers and ruled,in the polis ,統治者和被統治者,在城邦中,55,60—61,66,96,185,187,188,189,279,282,285,292,297;see also『political life』(另外參看「政治生活」) rural life:and Homer,農村生活:荷馬,155—6,156,157;and Hesiod,赫西俄德,157,158,165 Sacred War(Third),神聖戰爭(第三次),301 sacrifice,sacrifices,犧牲,25,30,35,38,43,44,49,50,51,58,89,92,99,105,106—76,117,152,160,161,172,173,177,187,189,278,298,314,315,322,335,340;self-,50,56,103,206,225,226,257,315 Sages( sophoi ),207;the Seven,七賢,100,103,205,206 Salamis,battle of,薩拉米斯戰役,56,176,214,216,238,241,253 Sappho,薩福,201,202,210 sarcasm,the Attic gift of,阿提卡的諷刺才能,324;see also『mockery』(另外參看「嘲諷」) satire,satirists,諷刺文學作品,諷刺文學作家,72—3,73—4,172,208,298 scandal,-mongering,醜聞製造,230,277,291,311,343,346,353 scepticism,懷疑主義,266,269,272 Sceptics,the,懷疑學派,347 scholars,scholarship,學者,學問,349,355;see also『learning』(另外參看「學習」) sculpture,sculptors,雕塑,雕塑家,179,179—80,180,181,192—3,195,196,210,274,330—1,340,346,361;see also『funerary steles』,『statues』(另外參看「墳墓旁邊的紀念性石柱」,「雕像」) scytalism,斯齊塔,294 sea voyages,warnings against,海上旅行,警告,158 seafaring,seafarers,航海,航海者,34—5,186,241;in myth,148,149;see also『Phaeacians』(另外參看「淮阿喀亞人」) seers,先知,151—2,152,161,176;see also『prophecy』,『soothsayer』(另外參看「預言」,「占卜者」) self-awareness,自我意識,211,309,317 self-Cdisplay,-assertion,-distinction,自我展示,自我肯定,自身的特點,71,72,163,238,239,241,243,245,261,265,266,274,321,327;see also『first and best』,『individual』,『measurement against others』,『personalities』,『self-glorification』,『self-praise』(另外參看「第一和最好」,「個體」,「自我評價」,「人格」,「自我頌揚」,「自我誇耀」) self-glorification,自我頌揚,241—2,289,292,322—4,348;see also『descent』(另外參看「世系」) self-praise,自我誇耀,72,129,146,149,151,250—1;see also『self-glorification』(另外參看「自我頌揚」) self-restraint,自律,320 senses,acuteness of the,as a blessing of life,敏銳的感覺,作為一種生命的賜福,85 sensibility,and reflection,情感,反映,65 sensitivity,lack of,as a philosophical virtue,缺乏感情,作為一種哲學家的德性,77;see also『hardening』(另外參看「麻木」) sensuality,the refinement of,感觀享受的精緻化,361 sentimentality,growth of,多愁善感,361,362 servants,僕人,121,147,235,256,335 Seven against Thebes,the,《七將忒特拜》,26,92,169,221,223 shadow,man as a,人就像一個影子,114;see also『afterlife』(另外參看「死後生活」) shame,羞恥,70,74,76,100,152,234,308,317,353 shepherds,牧羊人,35,146,155,156,157,182,189—90,197 shields of Heracles and Achilles,赫拉克利斯和阿喀琉斯的盾牌,156—7,165,228 shipping,shipbuilding,shipowners,and the Greeks,船運,造船,船主,希臘人,41,186,187,218,304;see also『commerce』,『fleet』,『sea voyages』,『seafaring』,『trading』(另外參看「商業」,「艦隊」,「海上航行」,「航海」,「經商」) shopkeeping,shopkeepers,開店,店主,160,264;see also『trading』(另外參看「經商」) Sicilian expedition,西西里遠征,60,226,229,247,248,275,296 Sicily,the Sicilians,西西里,西西里人,47—8,216,216—17,274,284—6,294,318,319,320,324,333,335 silence:at a feast,and the passage of Hermes,沉默:在宴會中,赫爾墨斯經過,35;and women,婦女,251,297;and barbers,理髮師,264;and public orators,公共演說家,307 silver mines,銀礦,245,301,307 Simonides,西蒙尼德,104,242,249,324 simplicity,簡約,129,199,234,235,241,259,269,275,325,333,340;see also『austerity』,『sobriety』(另外參看「嚴厲」,「清醒」) sin,罪惡,278 sitophylakes(corn-inspectors),監察官(穀物監察官),218,229 skill,public exhibition of,and fame,技藝的公開展示,聲名,350 slander,誹謗,73,74,76,77,207,277 slaves,slavery,奴隸,奴隸制度,38,53,64,96,102,110,117,118,120,121,132,162,184,185,187ff.,198,202,209,209—10,232,236,242,251,259,275,279,283,285,295,298,301,303,312,326,335,341,352,360 sleep,as a blessing and gift,睡眠,作為一種賜福和天賦,81 smithy,the,鐵匠鋪,158 smuggling,procuring stolen goods,走私,變賣偷來的東西,353 sobriety,清醒,187,199,219,235,340 sociability,社會交往性,52,98,203—4,261ff. society:foundations of Greek,社會:希臘的基礎,37—8;the life of,76,147—8,161,202—6,222,234,258 258—9,259,263,264,273,275,331,336,337,358,359,362;distinction in,without wealth,特徵,沒有財富,343;lack of true,in Sparta,缺乏真實,在斯巴達,161;differentiation of Greek,in Hellenistic age,希臘的分化,在希臘化時代,357;see also『sociability』(另外參看「社會交往性」) Socrates,蘇格拉底,xxxii,33,71,75ff.,82,97,122,189,190,191,195,232,236,240,246,249,252,253,258,263,264,270,272,280,290,291,297,318,339;see also『Socractic』(另外參看「蘇格拉底式的」) Socratic:dialectic,蘇格拉底式的:辯證法,270;ethic,倫理,317,319 Solon,梭倫,23,30,39,40,59,60,65,82,84,102,103,174,187, 187—8,190,192,202,205,206,210,213,222,237 song,歌曲,72,112,148,156,157,166,168,177,181,182,232,260,261,360;see also『bards』(另外參看「游吟詩人」) soothsayer,the( exegetes ),預言家,354 sophists,sophistry,詭辯家,詭辯術,167,235,239,241,261,264,265—71,278—9,291,318,328,350 Sophocles,索福克利斯,35,65,82,104—5,109,129,139,191,232,244,252,254,262 sophrosyne,中庸之道,54,64—5,66,100,106,186,198,203,235,241,325,340 Sparta,the Spartans,斯巴達,斯巴達人,xxxvi,17,18,26,32,44,47,58,59,68,75,119,128,148,152,153,160—1,168,170,171,172,174,176,185,185—6,187,188,199,201,203,208,213,215,216,217,222,225,227,228,231,7235,236,238,239,243,245,247,248,250,253,260,274,275,282,289,290,292ff.,304,305,310,312,318,319,320,322,326,327,335,340,341,347,353,359,360;see also『Dorian women』,『Laconism』,『 syssitia 』(另外參看「多利亞婦女」,「拉科尼亞主義」,「公餐」) Spartoi,the(Armed Men),斯巴達武士,33,46,88 specialization,specialists,專業化,專家,11,150—2,186,191,193,269—70,337,351,355,356 spectacle,the passion for,對風景的熱情,171,238 speculation,Athenian tendency to(financial,property),投機,雅典人在(金融和財產上)的,188 speech,演說,231,232,329;see also『conversation』,『eloquence』,『gossip』,『oratory』,『public speaking』,『talk』(另外參看「交談」,「雄辯」,「流言」,「演說術」,「公開發言」,「談話」) spirit:(or temperament),the Greek,精神(或氣質),希臘人,63,65,81,98,133,199,222,267,284,289;freedom of,自由,325;see also『mind』(另外參看「精神」) spiritual beauty or power,and art,精神上的美或力量,藝術,210,274,330 spontaneity,自發性,12,76,195,203,267,330 spying,in political life,監視,在政治生活中,96;see also『denunciation』,『informers』(另外參看「詆毀」,「告密者」) stadium,the,體育場,166 State,the,國家,xxxvi,57—8,58,60,62,64,96,160,161,167,168,186,188,189,204,214,218,224,226,230,243,245,248,250,264,266,271,273,275,279,282,288,289,293,295ff.,304,305,309,326,328,330,338,345;see also『devotion』,『 polis 』,『political life』,『turning away』(另外參看「貢獻」,「城邦」,「政治生活」,「轉身」) statues,雕像,50,59,69,179,191,194,195,196,249—50,265,306,315,321,324,330,342,348,359;athletes,運動員,172,175,176,179—80,181,210,249,315;see also『herms』,『monuments』,『sculpture』(另外參看「赫爾墨斯」,「紀念碑」,「雕塑」) stoas,柱廊,174,299,352,353 Stoicism,the Stoa,the Stoics,斯多噶主義,斯多噶,斯多噶學派,68,77,82,98,123,347 strangers,陌生人,47,152,191,325;see also『metics』(另外參看「定居的外邦人」) strength:and worth or reputation,力量:價值或聲名,77;in physical exercise,as a blessing of life,體育鍛煉,作為生命的一種賜福,85;and myth,神話,147,154,244;and misanthropy,反人類,175;and Athenian sons,雅典人的兒子,291;see also『right of the strong』,『vitality』(另外參看「強者的權利」,「活力」) subjectivists,主觀主義者,266 subjectivity:of perception,doctrine of the,感覺的主觀性,信條,269;increase in,of spirit,增長,精神,330;see also『external world』(另外參看「外部世界」) success,the(overriding)value of,in Greek life,成功,(超越一切的)價值,在希臘生活中,69—70,71,199;see also『agon』,『first and best』(另外參看「賽會」,「第一和最好」) succession,law of,繼承法,38 suicide,自殺,xxxviii,29,72,73,76,77,98,106,110,111,112—13,113—24,175,178,256,325;as a right or duty,作為一種權利或責任,120—2,123 superhuman,the striving for the,and the hero,超人,力爭,英雄,141 superstition,Greek freedom from,in comparison with barbarians,迷信,希臘人的自由,與蠻族相比,34;see also『 deisidaimonia 』(另外參看「對神靈的敬畏」) supplicants for protection,請求保護的人,219 sycophants,sycophancy,獻媚者,獻媚,xxxvi,73,74,76,78,79,80,192,218,219,227,228,229,231,238,264,280,295,297,302,303,307,308,335,338,345 symposium,the,宴飲,53,76,98,151,166,199,203,203—4,207,208,258,259,259—64,329,331—2,333,336;as a literary form,作為一種文學形式,263 synoecism,聯合一統,27,44,45—9,174,213,284;see also『 polis 』,『villages』(另外參看「城邦」,「村落」) Syracuse,敘拉古,17,47,69,83,175,247,285,285—6,319,321,340,360 syssitia,the,公餐,203,208 tact,直覺,see『frankness』,見「坦白」 talent,ability(men of),and the(democratic) polis ,天才,(人)的能力,(民主)城邦,60,78,229,243,245,282,290,297,326 talk,談話,239,248,266,267,277,279,297,329,330,336,351,353;see also『conversation』,『eloquence』,『gossip』,『 leschai 』(另外參看「交談」,「雄辯」,「流言」,「議事廳」) Tartarus,塔爾塔洛斯,139— 40 taverns,小酒店,259,298,306,333 taxes and tithes,稅收和什一稅,59,74,185,190,192,196,202,215,225,228,300,304,309,355;see also『public finance』(另外參看「公共財政」) teachers(tutors),教師,142,150,242,259,279,329,338;see also『gymnastics』,『sophists』(另外參看「體育運動」,「詭辯家」) telesmai,and the foundation of cities,埋葬一些神秘的物品,建城,49 temperance,節制,see『 sophrosyne 』,見「中庸之道」 temples,sanctuaries,shrines,altars,神廟,聖所,神龕,祭壇,24,30ff.,34,35,49,50,51,52,59,68,91,138,141,168,169,174,176,187,196,202,219,230—1,233,238,250,274,297,315,320,331,358,359;see also『 amphictyoniai 』,『Delphi』(另外參看「神廟聯盟」,「德爾斐」) terrorism,and political life,恐怖主義,政治生活,61,73 Thales,泰勒斯,205,211 theatres,劇院,51,181,233,346,352,359 Thebes,底比斯,16,21,26,29,41,46,49,105,110,137,196,213,220,221,231,288,289,295,296,305,311,314,318,319,358;the sacred band of,神聖的小分隊,341 Themistocles,泰米斯托克里,56,71,132,191,192,224,231,235,238,239,243,245,266 theocracy,Attic,神權政治,阿提卡,327;see also『democracy』,『envy』,『mockery』(另外參看「民主制度」,「嫉妒」,「嘲諷」) Theocritus,提奧克里特,35,182,346,359—60,362 Theognis,狄奧格尼斯,69,l06,l08,142,200,210,241 theogonic poetry,and cataloguing,頌神詩,編目,20 theophanies:in the historical period,顯靈:在歷史時期,34—5;and the Phaeacians,淮阿喀亞人, 34,148 Theophrastus,特奧弗拉斯圖斯,332; Characters ,《論性格》,350—5 theorizing,and decline,理論化,衰落,325,330,332 Theseus,提修斯,20,25,27,45,94,141,163,181,219ff.,355 Thesmophoria,the,地母節,123,259 Thirty Tyrants,the,三十僭主,295 Thucydides,10,22,32,221,225,226,268,269—70,271,275,276 timocracy,富人政體,187,213 Timoleon,提墨里翁,285—6,320,342 Timon,梯蒙,100,233,246 toil( ponos ),life as,勞作,生活,l0l—2,159,184,188,192 tolerance,patience,忍受,耐性,78—9,133,204,234,309,326 torch-races,火炬賽跑,167 torture,折磨,192,229,302,322,345 towns,城鎮,22,173,191,237,303 trades,交易,102,191;see also『artisans』,『crafts』(另外參看「匠人」,「手藝」) trading,trade,tradesmen,交易,商人,157,185,186—7,187,188,206,218—19,222,225,300,332;petty,( kapeleia ),小買賣,197—8;see also『commerce』,『shopkeeping』(另外參看「商業」,「開店」) traditions,families and respect,傳統,家庭和榮耀,291 tragedy,tragic dramatists,悲劇,悲劇作家,xxvi,xxxviii—xxxix,10,65,66—7,87,108,144,147,182,195,201,220,232,233,244,254,266,271,273,305,321,329 training:(and discipline)the value of,訓練:(規則的)價值,161,177,239,269,270;athletic,and statues,運動的,雕像,180;(lost)norms of,(失去)標準,357,see also『gymnastics』,『military training』(另外參看「體育運動」,「軍事訓練」) transmigration of the soul,靈魂的轉世,see『metempsychosis』,見「靈魂轉世」 travel,travellers,旅行,旅行者,149,186,187,195,196,265,270,317,325,333,350,355 treachery,treason,背叛,叛國罪,xxxviii,196,200—1,244,306,315,318,357;see also『deceitfulness』(另外參看「欺騙」) trees,sacred,樹,神聖的,17,29,31 tribes,see『 phylai 』部落 trierarchy,trierarchs,「三列槳戰艦修造費」,228,304,353 trust,lack of,in the Greeks(Athenians),缺乏信任,在希臘人(雅典人)中,70,71,306 truth:the Greeks and telling the,希臘人和說真話,68—70;love of,and the Homeric world,喜歡,荷馬世界,146;see also『deceitfulness』(另外參看「欺騙」) turning away,withdrawal,from the state,轉身,撤退,從國家,76,96,211,289,297,305,317,324—6,346;see also『 apolitia 』,『cosmopolitanism』,『indifference』,『Timon』(另外參看「背離城邦」,「世界主義」,「漠不關心」,「梯蒙」) 『two sides』,doctrine of the,「雙面」信條,265—6 Tychai,the,of cities,命運女神,城市,50,59 Tyche(Fortune),提刻(命運女神),58—9,196 tyrannicides,刺殺僭主,61,224,308,315,322 tyranny,tyrants,tyrannical,僭政,僭主,僭政的,46,47,160,161,175,180,188,199,206,215,216,222,228,279,280,284,285,286,289,299,318,320,332;see also『tyrannicides』(另外參看「刺殺僭主」) ugliness,醜陋,128,208;see also『beauty』,『deformity』(另外參看「美」,「畸形」) underworld,the,地下世界,153—4;see also『afterlife』,『Hades』(另外參看「死後生活」,「哈得斯」) unity:of the Greek nation,希臘民族的一體性,168,169,177—8,178,216,267,311,318;『of style』,「風格」,355 universality,striving for,追求普遍性,269;see also『world』(另外參看「世界」) upbringing,養育,142,291 upper,higher classes,disappearance or annihilation of the,上層、較高等級的消失或滅絕,292,294,299 urban life:and Homer,城市生活:荷馬,156;and Hesiod,赫西俄德,157,158,165 usury,高利貸,197,198 utility,usefulness,or lack of,有用性,缺乏,71,146,160,163,166,185,188;see also『gymnastics』,『practical knowledge』(另外參看「體育運動」,「實用的知識」) Utopias,and the turning away from the state,烏托邦,轉身脫離國家,325 vanity,空虛,223,235,274,279,294,295,347,352 vases:agonal,花瓶:賽會的,181;of Hellenistic age,希臘化時代,359,361 victory and victors,agonal,勝利和優勝者,賽會的,32,96,128,144,165,165—6,167,169,171ff.,179ff.,203,206,207,237—8,239ff.,274,292,326 『view of life』,the concept of a,「生活觀」的概念,63 villages( komai ),村落(考邁),158;living『village-style』,生活在「鄉村風格」中,41—2,43,44,45,57;see also『synoecism』(另外參看「聯合一統」) virtue,the virtues,德性,xxxii,55,57,64,65,70,82,84—5,85,100,106,146,161,201,268,278,325;love of,without the practice of,熱愛,沒有實踐,236—7;see also『civic virtue』,『Panhellenes』(另外參看「公民道德」,「泛希臘」) vitality,vigour,energy,活力,精力,能量,4,42,44,46,57,129,162,173,174,210,221,223,224,226,257,273,275,289,305,329,330,346,347,349;see also『life』(另外參看「生活」) viticulture,葡萄栽培,16;and Homer and Hesiod,荷馬和赫西俄德,156,157;see also『wine』(另外參看「酒」) voluptuaries,酒色之徒,332—3,333 voluptuousness,increasing,感觀享受,增加,340,361;see also『luxury』(另外參看「奢侈」) war,warfare,戰爭,143—4,155,156,160,161,162,168,183,189,199,213,217,218,220,239,245,274—5,275,294,296,304,311—12,326,361;see also『battle』,『defeat in war』(另外參看「戰鬥」,「戰敗」) warriors,the(in the ideal polis),武士,(在理想的城邦),189,326 wealth,the wealthy,財富,富人,82,83,83—4,160,165,186,198,199,229,233,234—5,235,239,241,294,298,304,326,327,328,330,343,349,358;『 kalokagathia 』,『luxury』,『riches』(「優秀品質」,「奢侈」,「富人」) weapons,武器,17,43,143—4,155;manufacture of,製造,191,192 weeping,哭泣,145,150,248,253,257,263,344,358,360 wellbeing,as a blessing of life,康樂,作為一種生命的賜福,83 wholeness(the whole man),the pursuit of,完整(完整的人),追求,186,193 whores,妓女,342;the scolding of,as training in cynicism,責罵,作為犬儒主義的訓練,77 wickedness:of man,人之邪惡,100—1;and good fortune,好運,99—100,277,278,297;in the Homeric world,在荷馬世界,147;a fashion for,時尚,277;and relativity,相對性,308 widows,寡婦,251 will:and the world,意志:世界,10;the subduing of the,to a higher cause,抑制,為了更高的目標,320 wine,酒,147,203,204,231,232,260,262;see also『eating and drinking』,『viticulture』(另外參看「吃飯和喝酒」,「葡萄栽培」) wisdom,the love of,熱愛智慧,319 wit,風趣,186,202,204,207,205,251,256,257,261,328,331,332,337,341,348,358 women,婦女,64,88,102,117ff.,132,152—4,177,188,189,199—202,212,232,235,236,249,251—9,277,279—80,297,312,338,339,339—40,343,357—61;see also『Thesmophoria』(另外參看「地母節」) work,the status and evaluation of,工作,地位和評價,see『banausic』,『labour』,『leisure』,『money』,『toil』見「物質性的」,「勞力」,「閒暇」,「錢」,「勞作」 workers,paid:and the genos ,工人,報酬:氏族,37;and citizenship,公民權,297;born,出生,324 world:order of the,世界:秩序,63,99;the Greeks and awareness of unity with the whole,希臘人意識到作為一個整體,131;reflective power of Solon,and the,梭倫的反思能力,203;—monarchy,世界性君主國,see『monarchy』見「君主國」;philosophical or natural explanation of the,哲學的或自然的解釋,269,270,271;see also『external world』(另外參看「外部世界」) worthlessness:of man,沒有價值:人,98;of life,生活,101—1,109;in the polis,of the once venerated,在城邦中,曾經受到尊重的,272 wrestling,wrestlers,摔跤,摔跤運動員,160,161,165,170,172,174,177,235,325,336,346 Xanthippe,珊提普,250—1 Xenophon,色諾芬,70,109,121,159,256,261,278,292,298—9,316 Xerxes,薛西斯,59,l0l,127,213,214,272,285,360 young men,年輕人,237,268,276—7,296,304,310,314,331 youth,evaluation of,對年輕的評價,88—9,96,103,105—6,140,197 Zeno(Stoic),芝諾(斯多噶),93,122,347 Zeus,宙斯,14,19,30ff.,(Herkeios)(赫爾克斯),67,86ff.,99—100,139,(Meilichius)(美里奇俄斯)139,145,148ff.,153,192,198,269,320,326 Zoroastrianism,索羅亞斯德教,214