驕傲之塔 · 參考文獻

書目與注釋 此書目根據章節羅列，僅限於注釋中引用的來源（只有一兩個例外），並不打算做系統、詳盡的文獻目錄。這些書只是我用到的，不少是無意中發現的，多數為一手文獻，個人陳述。二手的解釋性文獻很少收錄。當我需要這方面指導時，儘量使用和研究對象同時代人的陳述，並不是說這些書更好，而是因為它們更接近我所撰寫的時代和社會精神。儘管如此，當代的研究成果在許多地方為我提供了堅實的基礎，特別是阿萊維（Halévy）宏偉且值得信賴的英國事務百科全書，平森（Pinson）和科恩（Kohn）的德國研究，莫里森（Morison）版的羅斯福信件以及兩本信息量很大的傳記，其研究對象處於那個時代的核心位置——戈德堡（Goldberg）的《饒勒斯》和門德爾松（Mendelssohn）的《丘吉爾》。這兩本書雖然關注的是個人，但也對整個時期的詳盡歷史做了豐富而仔細的描述。金傑（Ginger）的《德布斯》和佩因特（Painter）的《普魯斯特》也在較小的範圍內取得了同樣的成就。 當時的幾份出色的調查讓我受益良多：貝特曼（Bateman）對英國土地收入的研究，傑克·倫敦（Jack London）和雅各布·里斯（Jacob Riis）對窮人的研究，基亞爾（Quillard）對亨利的捐助者的研究。一些小說家，諸如V·薩克維爾-韋斯特（V.Sackville-West）、阿納托爾·法郎士和普魯斯特也和社會史學家一樣，提供了寶貴的資源，某些回憶錄作者也如此：處於對立面的勃魯姆和都德，沃里克夫人、弗雷德里克·龐森比爵士、埃舍爾勳爵、威爾弗雷德·布倫特、馮·蘇特納男爵夫人、史蒂芬·茨威格，特別是范德維爾德，他是唯一一個對當時的社會環境做出個人化觀察的社會主義者，而統治階級作者在這方面特別多產。更有價值的可能是那些對他們的時代獨具慧眼且表達能力出色的人；他們突然靈光一現，讓發生在身邊的事件昭然於世。羅曼·羅蘭就是其中一位，馬斯特曼是另一位。托洛茨基——雖然不是本書的重點——也擁有同樣神秘的理解能力，他在描寫塞爾維亞步兵團時就展現了無可匹敵的語彙，他幾乎能感受到某一時刻的歷史意義，並用語言表達出來。 下列所有文獻中，最出色的莫過於德雷納克的（更多內容參見第四章的注釋）；從頭到尾都提供了很多信息的最傑出的作家是A·G·加德納；羅列的書目中最顯著的特點是缺乏一流的美國回憶錄作者（亨利·亞當斯除外，他也不合我的口味）。 為了把注釋控制在易於操作的長度，我只在說法來源不明顯時才給出注釋。在沒有注釋的情況下，讀者可以推斷，只要某人的回憶錄或其他作品出現在參考書目里，文章中涉及此人的任何行為或說法都來自他或她的個人陳述。比如，在第四章中，讀者如果想知道萊昂·布魯姆和他的朋友皮埃爾·盧維因為在德雷福斯事件中立場不同而分道揚鑣的原始資料，則應該在該章參考書目中查找當事人的名字，找到布魯姆所寫的書之後，便可推斷我的引證來自布魯姆本人。當我談及梅爾巴夫人的客人向窗外扔桃子，或者引用里布爾斯代爾勳爵對貴族地位的說法時，讀者可以推斷在參考書目中列出的這兩人的作品就是材料的來源。有時，材料也可能來自回憶錄作者，而非當事人，比如施特勞斯訪問斯派爾或者順便談到比徹姆這一段。總的來說，在沒有注釋的情況下，某次談話、通信或事件中提到的人名就是找到引證來源的鑰匙。雖然這個方法需要對此感興趣的讀者自行查找原書的具體頁數，但至少不會有錯，更何況其他的方法都要把注釋拉到和正文同樣的長度。 如果一本書在不同的地方被引用，它將列在使用最多的章節。DNB指《國家傳記辭典》，DAB指《美國傳記辭典》，The Times指倫敦《泰晤士報》，NYT指《紐約時報》。加星號的表示特別有價值或有趣的文獻。 第一章 權貴 參考書目 ADMAS, WILLIAM SCOVELL, Edwardian Heritage, 1901—6, London, Muller, 1949. ASQUITH, EARL OF OXFORD AND, Fifty Years of British Parliament, 2 vols., Boston, Little,Brown, 1926. ASQUITH, MARGOT（Countess of Oxford and Asquith）, Autobiography,Vols. I and II,London, Butterworth, 1920. AUSTIN, ALFRED, Autobiography, 2 vols, London, Macmillan, 1911. BALFOUR, LADY FRANCES, Ne Obliviscaris, 2 vols., London, Hodder & Stoughton, n.d. *BATEMAN, JOHN, The Great Landowners of Great Britain and Ireland, 4th ed., London,Harrison, 1883. BATTERSEA, CONSTANCE, LADY, Reminiscences, London, 1922. BENNETT, ARNOLD, Journals, 3 vols., New York, Viking, 1932. BENSON, E. F., As We Were, New York, Longmans, 1930. BIRKENHEAD, FIRST EARL OF, Contemporary Personalities, London, Cassell, 1924. BLUNT, WILFRID SCAWEN, My Diaries, 2 vols., New York, Knopf, 1921. BUCHAN, JOHN, Pilgrim’s Way（English title: Memory hold-the-door）, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1940. CARPENTER, RT. REV. WILLIAM BOYD, Some Pages of My Life, New York, Scribner’s,1911. CECIL, LADY GWENDOLYN, Life of Robert, Marquis of Salisbury, 4 vols., London, Hodder &Stoughton, 1921—32. CHAMBERLAIN, SIR AUSTEN, Down the Years, London, Cassell, 1935. CHANDOS, VISCOUNT（OLIVER LYTTELTON）, Memoirs, London, Bodley, 1962. CHURCHILL, RANDOLPH SPENCER, Fifteen Famous English Homes, London, Verschoyle,1954. ——, Lord Derby, London, Heinemann, 1959. CHURCHILL, WINSTON S., A Roving Commission: My Early Life, New York, Scribner’s,1930. COOPER, LADY DIANA（MANNERS）, The Rainbow Comes and Goes, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1958. CREWE, MARQUESS OF, Lord Rosebery, New York, Harper, 1931. CURZON, LORD, Subjects of the Day, New York, Macmillan, 1915. DUGDALE, BLANCHE E. C., Arthur James Balfour, 2 vols., New York, Putnam’s, 1937. ESHER, VISCOUNT REGINALD, Journals and Letters, ed. Maurice V. Brett, 3 vols., London,Nicholson & Watson, 1934— 48. FIZROY, SIR ALMERIC, Memoirs, 2 vols., London, Hutchison, n.d. FORD, FORD MADOX, Return to Yesterday, New York, Liveright, 1932. *GARDINER, A. G.（editor of the Daily News）, Pillars of Society, New York, Dodd, Mead,1914. *——, Prophets, Priests and Kings, London, Dent, 1914（new edition, first published 1908）. *HALÉVY, É LIE, A History of the English People in the 19th Century, vol. V, 1895—1905;Vol. VI, 1905—14, New York, Barnes & Nobles, 191. HAMILTON, LORD ERNEST, Forty Years On, New York, Doran, 1922. HAMILTON, LORD FREDERICK, The Days Before Yesterday, New York, Doran, 1920. HARRIS, FRANK, Oscar Wilde, His Life and Confessions, New York, The Author, 1916. HOLLAND, BERNARD（former private secretary to the Duke）, Life of the Duke of Devonshire, London, Longmans, 1911. JEBB, LADY, With Dearest Love to All: The Life and Letters of Lady Jebb, ed. Mary Reed Bobbitt, London, Faber, 1960. KENNEDY, A. L., Salisbury, 1830—1903: Portrait of a Statesman, London, Murray, 1953. KIPLING, RUDYARD, Something of Myself, London, Macmillan, 1951. LAMBTON, HON. GEORGE, Men and Horses I have Known, London, Butterworth, 1924. LEE, SIR SIDNEY, King Edward VII, 2 vols., New York, Macmillan, 1927. LESLIE, SHANE, The End of a Chapter, New York, Scribner’s,1916. LONDONERRY, MARCHIONESS OF, Henry Chaplin: A Memoir, London, Macmillan, 1926. LOWELL, ABBOTT LAWRENCE, The Government of England, 2 vols., New York, Macmillan,1908. LUCY,SIR HENRY, Diary of a Journalist, New York, Dutton, 1920. ——, Memories of Eight Parliaments, 1868—1906, London, Heinemann, 1908. LYTTELTON, EDITH, Alfred Lyttelton, London, Longmans, 1917. MACKINTOSH, ALEXANDER（a parliamentary correspondent for the provincial press）,From Gladstone to Lloyd George, London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1921. MAGNUS, SIR PHILIP, Edward VII, New York, Dutton, 1964. ——, Gladstone, New York, Dutton, 1954. MARSH, EDWARD, A Number of People, New York, Harper, 1939. MELBA, NELLIE, Melodies and Memoires, New York, Doran, 1926. MIDLETON, EARL OF（ST. JOHN BRODRICK）, Records and Reactions, London, Murray,1939. MONEY, SIR LEO GEORGE CHIOZZA, M.P., Riches and Poverty, 10th rev. ed., London,Methuen, 1911. MORLEY, JOHN, VISCOUNT, Recollections, 2 vols., New York, Macmillan, 1917. MOUT, CHARLES MERRILL, John Singer Sargent, London, Cresset, 1957. NEVILL, RALPH, London Clubs, London, Chatto and Windus, 1911. NEVINS, ALLAN, Henry White, New York, Harper, 1930. NEVINSON, HENRY W., Changes and Chances, New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1923. ——, More Changes and Chances, New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1925. NEWTON, LORD, Lord Lansdowne, London, Macmillan, 1929. ——, Retrospection, London, Murray, 1941. NICOLSON, HAROLD, Helen’s Tower, London, Constable, 1937. NORDAU, MAX, Degeneration, tr., New York, Appleton, 1895. PLESS, DAISY, PRINCESS OF, Better Left Unsaid, New York, Dutton, 1931. PONSONBY, ARTHUR, The Camel and the Neddle’s Eye, London, Filfeld, 1910. ——, The Decline of Aristocracy, London, Unwin, 1912. *PONSONBY, SIR FREDERICK（First Lord Syonsby）, Recollections of Three Reigns, New York, Dutton, 1952. PONSONBY, SIR HENRY, His Life from His Letters, ed. Arthur Ponsonby, New York,Macmillan, 1943. RAVERAT, GWEN, Period Piece, New York, Norton, 1952. RIBBLESDALE, THOMAS, LORD, Impressions and Memories, London, Cassell, 1927. RONALDSHAY, EARL OF, Life of Lord Curzon, 3 vols., London, Benn, 1928. RUSELL, GEORGE W. E., Prime Minsters and Some Others: A Book of Reminiscences, New York, Scribner’s, 1919. *SACKVILLE-WEST, V., The Edwardians, London, Hogarth, 1930. SITWELL, SIR OSBERT, Left Hand, Right Hand, Boston, Little, Brown, 1944. ——, Great Morning, London, Macmillan, 1948. STARCHEY, JOHN ST.LOE（editor of the Spectator）, The Adventure of Living, New York,Putman’s, 1922. VICTORIA, QUEEN, Letters, ed. G. E. Buckle, Vol. III, 1896—1901. New York, Longmans,1932. *WARWICK, FRANCES, COUNTESS OF, Life’s Ebb and Flow, New York, Morrow, 1929.（Notes refer to this book unless otherwise stated.） ——, Discretions, New York, Scribner’s 1931. WHARTON, EDITH, A Backward Glance, New York, Appleton-Centry, 1934. WILDE, OSCAR, Letters, ed. Rupert Hart-Davis, New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1964. WILLOUGHBY DE BROKE, RICHARD GREVILLE VERNEY, LORD, The Passing Years,Boston, Houghton Mifflin, n.d. WILSON-FOX, ALICE, The Earl of Halsbury, Lord High Chancellor, London, Chapman &Hall, 1929. *WHYDHAM, GEORGE, Life and Letters, ed. J. W. Mac Neil and Guy Wyndham, 2 vols.,London, Hutchinson, n.d. YOUNG, KENNETH, Arthur James Balfour, London, Bell, 1963. 第二章 理念與行動 參考書目 ARCHER, WILLIAM, The Life, Trial and Death of Francisco Ferrer, New York, Moffat, Yard,1911. BARNARD, HARRY, Eagle Forgotten: The Life of John Peter Altgeld, Indianapolis, Bobbs Merrill, 1938. BERKMAN, ALEXANDER, Prison Memoirs of an Anarchist, New York, Mother Earth Publishing Co., 1912. BRENAN, GERALD, The Spanish Labyrinth, Cambridge, University Press, 1950. CHANNING, WALTER, 「The Mental Status of Czolgosz, the Assassin of President McKinley,」American Journal of Insanity, October, 1902, 233—78. CHAROQUES, RICHARD D., The Twilight of Imperial Russia, London, Phonex, 1958. CORTI, COUNT EGON, Elizabeth, Empress of Austria, New Haven, Yale Univ. Press, 1936. *Crapouilot, Neméro Sépcial, l』Anarchie, Paris, January, 1938. CREUX, V. C., Canovas del Castillo, sa carrière, ses oeuvres, sa fi, Paris, Leve, 1897. DAVID, HENRY, History of the Haymarket Affair, New York, Farrar & Rhinehart, 1936. *ELTZBACHER, PAUL, Anarchism, tr. S. T. Byington, New York, Benjamin Tucker, 1908. GOLDMAN, EMMA, Living My Life, Vol. I, New York, Knopf, 1931. HAMUSN, KNUT, Hunger, New York, Knopf, 1921. Harvey, george, Henry Clay Frick, New York, Scribner’s, 1928. HUNTER, ROBERT, Poverty, New York, Macmillan, 1904. ISHILL, JOSEPH, Peter Kroptkin, New Jersey, Free Spirit Press, 1923. ——, ed., Elisée and Elie Reclus, in Memoriam, New Jersey, Oriole Press, 1927. KERENSKY, ALEXANDER, The Crucifixion of Liberty, New York, John Day, 1934. KROPOTKIN, PRINCE PETER, The Conquest of Bread, New York, Putnam’s, 1907. ——, Mutual Aid, London, Heinemann, 1902. *——, Paroles, d』un Revolte, Paris, Flammarion, 1885. ——, 「Anarchism,」 in Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th ed. *LONDON, JACK, People of the Abyss, New York, Macmillan, 1903. *MAITRON, JEAN, Histoire du Mouvement Anarchiste en France, 1880—1914, Paris, Societe Universitaire, 1951. MALATESTA, ENRICO, A Talk Between Two Workers, tr., 8th ed., London, Freedom Press, n.d. MALATO, CHARLES, 「Some Anarchist Portraits,」 Fortnightly Review, September, 1894. MILIUKOV, PAUL, SEIGNOBOS, CHARLES, and EISENMANN, L., Histoire de Russie, Vol.III, Leroux, n.p., n.d. MIRSKY, D. S., Russia: A Social History, London, Cresset, 1931. NEVISON, HENRY W., The Dawn in Russia: Scenes in the Russian Revolution, New York,Harper, 1906. NICOLAEVSKY, BORIS, Azev, the Spy, tr. George Reavey, New York, Doubleday, Doran,1934. *NOMAD, MAX, Apostles of Revolution, Boston, Little, Brown, 1939. ——, Rebels and Renegades, New York, Macmillan, 1932. PILAR, PRINCESS OF BAVARIA, and CHAPMAN-HUSTON, MAJOR D., Alfonso XIII: AStudy of Monarchy, New York, Dutton, 1932. REGIS, DR. EMMANUEL, Les Régicides dans l』historie et dans le présent, Paris, Masson,1890. *RISS, JACOB A., How the Other Half Lives, New York, Scribner’s, 1890. *SAVINKOV, BORIS V., Memoirs of a Terrorist, tr. Joseph Shaplen, New York, Boni, 1931. SOREL, GEORGES, Réflexions sur la violence, Paris, Pages Libres, 1908. VIZETELLY, ERNEST ALFRED, The Anarchists, London, John Lane, 1911. WOODOCK, GEORGE, and AVAKUMOVIC, IVAN, The Anarchist Prince: A Biographical Study of Prince Kropotkin, London, Boardman, 1950. 此章寫完後又有三本有用的書出版：Anarchism, by George Woodcock, The Anarchists, by James Joll, and The Anarchists, an anthology, edited by Irving L. Horowitz. 注釋 我不認為有必要在此章中按照每個事件和引證分別列出參考書目，因為它們可以根據話題自行組成易於辨認的來源集合，如下： 關於窮人的生活條件，Riis, London, Hunter和Chiozza Money（見第一章）是我主要的資料來源。關於無政府主義者在各國的理念和理論以及他們的作品節選，Eltzbacher特別有用。關於法國無政府主義者的引證，除非特別說明，都是摘自Maitron或者Malato的書（Malato自己也是當時法國的無政府主義者之一），Crapouillot和Vizetelly作為補充。關於艾瑪·戈德曼和亞歷山大·伯克曼，他們的回憶錄是所有引證的來源。關於約翰·莫斯特，Nomad的Apostles一書中關於他的章節是我的主要來源。談到西班牙的無政府主義者的引證主要來自美國新聞界當時的報告，正如注釋中之名的那樣。關於柯佐羅茲，最主要的資料是查寧的。關於俄國，Savinkov（他自己就是恐怖小分隊的成員）和Nicolaevsky是主要的資料（這一部分太吸引人了，以至於我寫初稿時，俄國事件大大超出了比例，不得不縮減到原文的五分之一）。 前文中未提及，但似乎需要指出具體參考內容的事實和引證已單獨列出。 第三章 美夢終結 參考書目 關於里德的足本傳記有兩部，其一的作者是Samuel McCall，是里德在國會的同僚，後來成為馬薩諸塞州州長；其二的作者是Robinson教授，兩本書都已列出。下面也列出了里德的友人、記者、國會同僚等同時代人關於他的記述： BROWMAN, W. H., 「Thomas Brackett Reed,」 New England Magazine, April, 1890. DAY, HOLMAN F., 「Tom Reed Among His Neighbors,」 Saturday Evening Post, January 3,1903. DE CASSERES, BENJAMIN, 「Tom Reed,」 American Mercury, February, 1930. FULLER, HERBERT B., Speakers of the House, Boston, Little, Brown, 1909. HINDS, ASHER C., 「The Speaker of the House of Representatives,」 American Political Science Review, May, 1909. KNIGHT, ENOCH, 「Thomas Brackett Reed: An Appreciation,」 New England Magazine,April, 1904. LEUPP, FRANCIS E., 「Personal Recollections of Thomas Brackett Reed,」 Outlook, September 3, 1910. *LODGE, HENRY CABOT, 「Thomas Brackett Reed,」 reprinted in The Democracy of the Constitution and Other Essays , New York, Scribner’s, 1915. *McCALL, SAMUEL, The Life of Thomas Brackett Reed, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1914. McFARLAND, HENRY, 「Thomas Brackett Reed,」 American Review of Reviews, January,1903. PORTER, ROBERT P., 「Thomas Brackett Reed of Maine,」 McClure’s, October, 1893. *ROBINSON, WILLIAM A., Thomas B. Reed, Parliamentarian, New York, Dodd, Mead, 1930. ROOSEVELT, THEODORE, 「Thomas Brackett Reed and the 51st Congress,」 Forum,December, 1895. 其他資料 ADAMS, HENRY, The Education of Henry Adams, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1918. ——, Letters, ed. Worthington Chauncey Ford, 2 vols., Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1930—38. ALEXANDER, DE ALVA STANWOOD, History and Procedure of the House of Representatives,Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1916. BARRY, DAVID S.（Washington Correspondent of New York Sun and Providence Journal）,40 Years in Washington, Boston, Little, Brown, 1924. BISHOP, JOSEPH BUCKLIN, Theodore Roosevelt and His Times, 2 vols., New York,Scribner’s, 1920. BOWERS, CLAUDE G., Beveridge and the Progressive Era, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1932. BRYCE, JAMES, The American Commonwealth, 3 vols., London, Macmillan, 1888. *CLARK, CHAMP, My Quarter Century of American Politics, 2 vols., New York, Harper,1920. CROLY, HERBERET, Marcus Alonzo Hanna, New York, Macmillan, 1912. CULLOM, SENATOR SHELLY M., Fifty Years of Public Service, Chicago, McClurg, 1911. DUNN, ARTHUR WALLACE, From Harrison to Harding, 2 vols., New York, Putnam’s,1922. DUNNE, FINLEY PETER, Mr. Dooley in Peace and War, Boston, Small, Maynard, 1898. FOULKE, WILLIAM DUDLEY, A Hoosier Autobiography, Oxford Univ. Press, 1922. FUESS, CLAUDE MORRE, Carl Schurz, Reformer, 1829——1906, New York, Dodd, Mead,1932. GARRATY, JOHN A., Henry Cabot Lodge: A Biography, New York, Knopf, 1953. GODKIN, EDWIN LAWRENCE, Life and Letters, ed. Rollo Odgen, 2 vols., New York,Macmillan, 1907. GOMPERS, SAMUEL, 70 Years of Life and Labour, 2 vols., London, Hurst & Blackett, 1925. GRIFFIN, SOLOMON B., People and Politics Observed by a Massachusetts Editor, Boston,Little, Brown, 1923. HARRINGTON, FREDERICK, 「The Anti-Imperialist Movement in the United States,」 Miss.Valley Hist. Rev., September, 1935. HOAR, SENATOR GEORGE FRISBIE, Autobiography of 70 Years, 2 vols., New York,Scribner’s, 1905. HOWE, M. A. DEWOLFE, Moorfield Storey: Portrait of an Independent, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1932. JAMES, HENRY, Charles Wiiliam Eliot, 2 vols., Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1930. KIPLING, RUDYARD, American Notes, New York, Munro’s 1896. KOHLSAAT, H.H., From McKinley to Harding: Personal Recollections of Our Presidents, New York, Scirbner’s, 1923. LANZAR, MARIA C., 「The Anti-Imperialist League,」 Philippine Social Science Revue, August,and November, 1930. LODGE, HENRY CABOT, ed., Slections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and H.C. Lodge, 2 vols., New York, Scribner’s, 1925. LONG, JOHN D., The New American Navy, 2 vols., New York, Outlook, 1903. LYON, PETER, Success Story: The Life and Times of S. S. McClure, New York, Scribner’s,1963. McELORY, ROBERT, Grover Cleveland, 2 vols., New York, Harper, 1925. MAHAN, CAPTAIN ALFRED THAYER, The Influence of Sea Power on History, New York,Sagamore Press, 1957. ——, From Sail to Steam（autobiography）, New York, Harper, 1907. ——, The Interest of America in Sea Power, Boston, Little, Brown, 1897.（Collected articles from Atlantic Monthly, Harper’s Monthly, Forum and North American Review, 1890—97.） MILLIS, WALTER, The Martial Sprit, New York, 1931. MITCHELL, EDWARD P., Memoir of an Editor, New York, Scribner’s, 1924. NORTON, CHARLES ELIOT, Letters, ed Sara Norton and M. A. De Wolfe Howe, 2 vols.,Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1913. PECK, HARRY THURSTON, Twenty Years of the Republic, New York, Dodd, Mead, 1906. PERRY, R. B., Thought and Character of William James, Harvard Univ. Press, 1948. PETTIGREW, SENATOR RICHARD F., Imperial Washington, 1870—1920, Chicago, Kerr,1922. PLATT, THOMAS COLLIER, Autobiography, New York, Dodge, 1910. POWERS, SAMUEL LELAND, Portraits of Half a Century, Boston, Little, Brown, 1925. PRINGLE, HENRY F., Theodore Roosevelt, New York, Harcourt, 1931. PULSTON, CAPTIAN WILLIAM D., Mahan, Yale University, 1939. ROOSEVELT, THEODORE, An Autobiography, New York, Scribner’s, 1920. *——, The Letters, ed. Elting E. Morison, Vols. I and II, Harvard Univ. Press, 1951. SCHURZ, CARL, Reminiscences, Vol. III（continued by Frederic Bancroft）, New York,McClure, 1908. SPING-RICE, CECIL, The Letters and Friendships, ed. Stephen Gwynn, 2 vols., Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1929. STEALEY, ORLANDO O., Twenty Years in the Press Gallery, New York（author）, 1906. STOREY, MOORFIELD, The Conquest of the Phillipines by the United States, New York,Putnam’s, 1926. SULLIVAN, MARK, Our Times, Vols. I and II, New York, Scribner’s, 1926. TAYLOR, CHARLES CARLISLE, The Life and Admiral Mahan, New York, Doran, 1920. VANDERBILT, KERMIT, Charles Eliot Noron, Harvard Univ. Press, 1959. VILLARD, OSWALD GARRISON, Fighting Years, New York, Harcourt, 1939. WOLFF, LEON, Little Brown Brother, New York, Doubleday, 1961. 注釋 所有里德所說，或關於里德的傳記事實、逸事和引證，除非另有說明，都出自Lodge，McCall或Robinson。所有關於羅斯福的引言都來自Morison版的《書信》，我只註明了信件日期，省略具體卷數和頁碼。 第四章 「我要戰鬥！」 參考書目 BARCLAY, SIR THOMAS, Thirty Years: Anglo-French Reminiscences, 1876—1906, Boston,Houghton Mifflin, 1914. *BARR ÈS, MAURICE, Scènes et doctrines du Nationalisme, Paris, Plon, 1925. BENDA, JULIEN, La Jeunesse d』un clerc, Paris, Galliamard, 1936. BERTAUT, JULES, Paris, 1870——1935, New York, Appleton-Century, 1936. *BLUM, LÉON, Souvenirs de l』Affaire, Paris, Gallimard, 1935. BORDEAUX, HENRY, Jules Lemaitre, Paris, Plon, 1920. BOUSSEL, PATRICE, L』affaire Dreyfus et la Presse, Paris, Colin, 1960. BRUNETIÈRE, FERDINAND, Après le Proces: Réponseà Quelques 「Intellectuels,」 Paris,Perrin, 1898. CAMBON, PAUL, Correspondence, 1870——1924, 3 vols., Paris, Grasset, 1940. CASTELLANE, MARQUIS BONI DE, How I Discovered America, New York, Knopf, 1924. *CHAMPAN, GUY, The Dreyfus Case: A Reassessment, New York, Reynal, 1955. CLARETIE, JULES, 「Souvenirs du Dîner Bixio,」 La Revue de France, June 15, July 1 and 15, August 1 and 15, 1923. CLEMENCEAU, GEORGES, Contre la Justice, Paris, Stock, 1900. CLERMONT-TONNERRE, ELIZABETH（DE GRAMONT）, DUCHESSE DE, Mémoires, 3 vols., Paris, Grasset, 1928. *DAUDET, LÉON, Au Temps de Judas: Souvenirs de 1880 à 1908, Paris, NLN, 1920. DELHORBE, CECILE, L』Affaire Dreyfus et les Ecrivains Francais, Paris, Attinger, 1932. ELLIS, HAVELOCK, From Rousseau to Proust, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1935. FRANCE, ANATOLE, M. Bergeret à Paris, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 1902. GARD, ROGER MARTIN DU, Jean Barois, Paris, Gallimard, 1921. GARRIC, Robert, Albert de Mun, Paris, Flammarion, 1935. GIRAUD, VICTOR, Les Maîtres du l』Heure（Jules Lemaître）, Vol. II, Paris, Hachette,1919. GOLDBERG, HARVEY, The Life of Jean Jaurès, Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 1962. GUILLEMINAULT, GILBERT, ed., La Belle Epoque, 3 vols., Paris, Denoel, 1957. HERZOG, WILHELM, From Drefus to Petain, tr. Walter Sorell, New York, Creative Age Press, 1947. HYNDMAN, H. M., Clemenceau, New York, Stokes, 1919. IBELS, H. G., Allons-y!: Histoire Contemporaire, Paris, Stock, 1898. JAUR ÈS, JEAN, Les Preuves: Affaire Dreyfus, Paris, La Petite République, 1898. LETHEVE, JACQUES, La Caricature et la presse sous la Troisième République, Paris, Colin,1961. LONERGAN, W. F.（correspondent of the Daily Telegraph）, Forty Years of Paris, New York,Brentano’s, 1907. MARTET, JEAN, Le tigre（Clemenceau）, Paris, Albin Michel, 1930. MASUR, GERHARD, Prophets of Yesterday, New York, Macmillan, 1961. MEYER, ARTHUR, Ce que mes yeux ont vu, Paris, Plon, 1912. ——, Ce que je peux dire, Paris, Plon, 1912. *PAINTER, GEORGE D., Proust: The Early Years, Boston, Little, Brown, 1959. PALÉOGOGUE, MAURICE, An Intimate Journal of the Dreyfus Case, New York, Criterion,1957. PÉGUY, CHARLES, 「Notre Jeunesse,」 Cahiers de la Quinzaine, 1910（Daniel Halévy受Péguy邀請在Cahiers de la Quinzaine上撰寫了一篇討論德雷福斯事件的文章，此文既是對Halévy文章的回應。Alexander Dru將此文翻譯成英文，發表於Temporal and Eternal, New York, Harper, 1958。） POUQUET, JEANNE SIMON, Le Salon de Mme Arman de Caillavet, Paris, Hachette, 1926. PROUST, MARCEL, A la recherché du temps perdu, Paris, Gallimard, 1921—1927. *QUILLARD, PIERRE, Le Monument Henry: Liste des Soucripteurs, Paris, Stock, 1899. RADZIWILL, PRINCESS CATHERINE, France Behind the Veil, New York, Funk & Wagnalls,1914. *RADZIWILL, PRINCESS MARIE, Lettres au Général du Robilant, Vol. II, 1896—1901（the Appendix contains her correspondence with General de Galliffet）, Bologna, Zanichelli, 1933. **REINACH, JOSEPH, Histoire de l』Affaire Dreyfus, 7 vols., Paris, Charpentier, 1901—11. ROLLAND, ROMAIN, Mémoire, Paris, Albin Michel, 1956. ROMAN, JEAN, Paris Fin de Siècle, New York, Arts, Inc., 1960. SOREL, GEORGES, La Révolution Dreyfusienne, Paris, Rivère, 1911. VIZETELLY, ERNEST ALFRED, Emile Zola, London, John Lane, 1904. ——, Paris and Her People, New York, Stokes, n. d.（1918）. ZEVA ÈS, ALEXANDRE, L』Affaire Dreyfus: Quelques Souvenirs personnels, La Nouvelle Revue, January, February, March, 1936, Vols. 141 and 142. ZOLA, EMILE, La Vérité en Marche（collected ed.）, Paris, Bernouard, 1928. 注釋 本章的目的並非複述德雷福斯事件的經過，而是展示法國社會對該事件的反應，所以我認為，除非是有爭議或模糊的歷史事實，就沒有必要在此列出參考文獻了。雷納克那部宏偉的作品是我最重要的資料，此書充滿史實、文本、引證、見識、評論、親眼所見的場面、領頭人物的肖像描寫，這些人是他所熟知的，他也記下了自己直接的體驗，比如在議會聽德·芒講話時「我腦中感受到的是三百個進入催眠狀態的聽眾」。任何人說的任何關於德雷福斯事件的話，或做了與該事件相關的事，都被他記載下來，除了明顯的事件外，還有無數次要的細節，比如修雷爾-凱斯納對記者的厭惡，和威特公爵一閃而過的洞見。雷納克不只是事件的觀察者，也是重要的參與者，是除了左拉以外，他是受污衊、中傷和諷刺最多的人。在這樣的情況下還寫出了具有如此歷史價值的作品，恐怕是無以倫比的壯舉，在史學寫作上顯然無人能及。本章任何未註明的說法或引證，讀者都可在雷納克的書中找到。此書的索引詳盡，占據了整個第七卷。 從民族主義者的角度出發，思考得最為透徹的表述是巴雷斯的，最生動而惡毒的是都德的。當代作品中最出色的是Chapman的，客觀、可靠，篇幅在易讀的範圍內。關於奧特伊和隆尚的騷亂，我參考的是當時的新聞報道。 第五章 沉靜的鼓手 參考書目 兩次海牙和平會議的官方出版物如下： FRANCE, MINISTÈRE DES AFFAIRES ESTRANGÈRES, Documents Diplomatiques,Conférence Internationale de la Paix, 1899, Paris, Imprimerie Nationale, 1900. ——, Deuxième Conférence Internationale de la Paix, 1907, Paris, Imprimerie Nationale,1908. *GERMANY, AUSWARTIGEN AMT, Die Grosse Politik der Europaischen Kabinette, Berlin,1924—25. Band 15: Rings um die Erste Haager Friedenskonferenz. Band 23: Die Zweite Haager Friedenskonferenz.（Referred to in Notes as GP.） GREAT BRITAIN, FOREIGN OFFICE, Correspondence respecting the Proposal of HM the Emperor of Russia for a Conference on Armaments, Russia, No.1（1899）, Cd. 9090, London,HMSO. ——, Correspondence respecting the Peace Conference held at the Hague in 1899, Misc. No. 1（1899）, Cd. 9534, London, HMSO.（這兩卷書中的材料在注釋里以F.O. 83，1695-6-7-8-9及1700標誌。上述參考序號屬於親筆書寫的原稿。我在歷史檔案館裡找到這些原稿，認為它們比出版物更有參考價值。） ——, Correspondence respecting the Second Peace Conference held at The Hague in 1907.Misc. No. 1（1908）, Cd. 2857, London, HMSO. ——, Further Correspondence, Cd. 4174, Misc. No. 5（1908）. HAGUE, THE, The Proceedings of the Hague Peace Conference, 4 vols. 官方文件翻譯（原先由荷蘭外交部出版），由卡內基國際和平基金會國際法部起草；ed. James Brown Scott, Oxford Univ. Press, 1920—21, Vol. I, 1899; Vol. II, III, IV, 1907. United States, The Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907, ed. James Brown Scott, 2 vols.,Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1909. 第二卷包括對美國代表團的指示以及1904年和1906年的通信，有關召集第二次會議的情況。 其他材料 ADAM, PAUL, 「Physionomie de la Confé rence de la Haye,」 Revue de Paris, August 1, 1907,642—72. BACON, ADMIRAL SIR REGINALD HUGH, The Life of Lord Fisher of Kilverstone, 2 vols.,London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1929. BERGENGREN, ENK, Alfred Nobel, tr., London, Nelson, 1962. BLOCH, IVAN S., The Future of War, tr., with a 「Conversation with the Author」 by W. T.Stead, Boston, Ginn, 1902. BULOW, BERNHARD, PRINCE VON, Memoirs, 4 vols., Boston, Little, Brown, 1931—32. CHIROL, SIR VALENTINE, Fifty Years in a Changing World, New York, Harcourt, 1928. CHOATE, JOSEPH HODGES, The Two Hague Conferences, Princeton Univ. Press, 1913. CURTI, MERLE, Peace or War: The American Struggle, 1636—1936, New York, Norton,1936. DAVIS, CALVIN DE ARMOND, The United States and the Hague Peace Conference, Cornell Univ. Press, 1962. DILLON, E. J., The Eclipse of Russia, New York, Doran, 1918. FISHER, JOHN ARBUTHNOT, LORD, Records, London, Hodder & Stoughton, 1919. FISHER, JOHN ARBUTHNOT, LORD, Fear God and Dread Nought: Correspondence of Lord Fisher, ed. Arthur J. Marder, Vol. 1, 1854—1904, Harvard Univ. Press, 1952; Vol.2, 1904—14,London, Cape, 1956. FULLER, J. F. C., Armament and History, New York, Scribner’s, 1945. HENDRICK, BURTON J., The Life of Andrew Carnegie, 2 vols., Garden City, Doubleday,1932. HULL, WILLIAM I., The Two Hague Conferences, Boston, Ginn, 1908. JESSUP, PHILIP G., Elihu Root, 2 vols., New York, Dodd, Mead, 1938. LEMONON, ERNEST, La Seconde Confernce de la Paix, Paris, 1908. MOWAT, ROBERT B., Life of Lord Pauncefote, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1929. NEF, JOHN J., War and Human Progress, Harvard Univ. Press, 1950. NOWAK, KARL FRIEDRICH, Germany’s Road to Ruin, New York, Macmillan, 1932. PALMER, FREDERICK, With My Own Eyes, Indianapolis, Bobbs Merrill, 1932. PINSON, KOPPEL S., Modern Germany, New York, Macmillan, 1954. SPENDER, J. A., The Life of Sir Henry Cambell-Bannerman, 2 vols., Boston, Houghton Mifflin,1924. STEAD, W. T., 「Character Sketch: Lord Fisher,」 Review of Reviews, February, 1910. *SUTTNER, BERTHA VON, Memoirs, 2 vols., Boston, Ginn, 1910 TATE, MERZE, The Disarmament Illusion, New York, Macmillan, 1942. *Temps, Le, Reports of Special Correspondent at The Hague. USHER, ROLAND, Pan-Germanism, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1913. *WHITE, ANDREW D., Autobiography, 2 vol., New York, Century, 1905. *WHITE, FREDRIC, Life of W. T. Stead, London, Cape, 1925. WITTE, COUNT SERGEI, Memoirs, New York, Doubleday, 1921. WOLFF, THEODOR（editor of Berliner Tageblatt）, The Eve of 1914, tr. E. W. Dickes, New York, Knopf, 1936. 注釋 關於海牙和會上發生了什麼，有怎樣的發言，我主要參考代表們向各自政府發送的報告，這些報告保存在外交部通信以及大政策檔案中；還有安德魯·懷特在其《自傳》中的日記記錄，《時代報》特別記者的報道。這些記錄是在熱點事件發生時所作，讀來更為鮮明生動，相比而言，事後收集編輯的會議記錄一字不改，冗長乏味。（《時代報》的通訊員以×或××簽名，所以有可能是兩個人交替寫作。我向接替《時代報》的《世界報》，以及法國外交部的檔案保管員問詢，但並未獲得該記者的真實身份。）除非另有說明，代表們的引證都出自他們自己的記錄；只有情形重要時才給出具體的參考。所有關於馮·蘇特納男爵夫人的材料，包括諾貝爾的信件，都出自她的《回憶錄》。羅斯福的所有引證都出自他的《書信》（見第三章）。 第六章 尼祿主義在蔓延 參考書目 ALDRICH, RICHARD（時任《紐約時報》樂評人）, Concert Life in New York, 1902—1923, New York, Putnam’s, 1941. BAUMONT, MAURICE, L』Affaire Eulenberg et les Origines de la guerre mondiale, Paris,Payot, 1933. BEECHAM, SIR THMAS, A Mingled Chime, New York, Putnam’s, 1943. ——, Fredrick Delius, New York, Knopf, 1960. BERTAUX, FELIX, A Panorama of German Literature, 1871—1931, tr., New York,Whittlesey, 1935. BIGELOW, POULTNEY, Prussian Memories, 1864—1914, New York, Putnam’s, 1915. BRANDES, GEORG, Friedrich Nietzsche, New York, Macmillan,n.d. CLADEL,JUDITH,Rodin, New York,Harcourt,1937. *DEL MAR, NORMAN, Richard Strauss, New York, Free Press of Glencoe, 1962. DUKES, ASHLEY, Modern Dramatists, Chicago, Sergel, 1912. EKMAN, KARL, Jean Sibelius, New York, Knopf, 1928. FINCK, HENRY T., Grieg and His Music, London, John Lane, 1909. *——, Richard Strauss, Boston, Little, Brown, 1917. ——, Success in Music, New York, Scribner’s, 1909 GILMAN, LAWRENCE, Nature in Music and Other Studies, London, John Lane, 1914. GOOCH, G. P., Germany, New York, Scribner’s, 1925. GRIGORIEV, S. L.（佳吉列夫的舞台經理）, The Diaghilev Ballet, 1909—29, London,Penguin Ed., 1960. HAMBERGER, see Hofmansthal. HASKELL, ARNOLD L.（皇家芭蕾舞團導演）, Diagileff, New York, Simon & Schuster,1935. HELFFERICH, KARL, Germany’s Economic Progress and National Wealth, 1888—1913,Berlin, Stilke, 1913. HOFMANNSTHAL, HUGO VON, Selected Plays and Libretti, ed., Michael Hamburger, New York, Bollingen-Pantheon, 1963. HUNEKER, JAMES, Overtones, New York, Scribner’s, 1904. JEFFERSON, ALAN, The Operas of Richard Strauss in Britain, London, Putnam’s, 1963. KARSAVINA, TAMARA, Theatre Street, London, Constable, 1948. KESSLER, COUNT HARRY, Walter Rathenau, London, Howe, 1929. KOHN, HANS, The Mind of Germany, New York, Scribner’s, 1960. LAWTON, MARY, Schumann-Heink, New York, Macmillan, 1928. LEHMANN, LOTTE, Five Operas and Richard Strauss, New York, Macmillan, 1964. LOWIE, ROBERT HARRY, Toward Understanding Germany, Univ. of Chicago Press, 1954. MAY, ARTHUR J., The Hapsburg Monarchy, Harvard Univ. Press, 1951. MILLER, ANNA IRENE, The Independent Theatre in Europe, 1887 to the Present, New York,Long & Smith, 1931. NEMIROVITCH-DANTCHENKO, VLADIMIR, My life in the Russian Theatre，Boston, Little,Brown, 1936. NEWEMAN, ERNEST, Richard Strauss, London, John Lane, 1908.（以及Alfred Kalisch很有價值的《回憶錄》。） NIJINSKY, ROMOLA, Nijinsky, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1934. POLLARD, PERCIVAL, Masks and Minstrels of New Germany, Boston, Luce, 1911. *ROLLAND, ROMAIN, Correspondance; Fragments de Journal（No. 3 in Cahiers Romain Rolland）, Paris, Albin Michel, 1951. ——, 「Souvenirs sur Richard Strauss,」 in Les OEuvres Libres, Nouv. Serie, No. 27, Paris,1948.（其中不少內容與Correspondance及Journal中重複，且兩者部分內容都出現在羅蘭的Musicians of Today, New York, Holt, 1914.） ROSENFELD, PAUL, Musical Portraits, New York, Harcourt, 1920. ——, Discoveries of a Music Critic, New York, Harcourt, 1936. SCHOENBERNER, FRANZ, Confessions of a European Intellectual, New York, Macmillan,1946. SHAW, GEORGE BERNARD, The Sanity of Art（originally published 1895）, New York,Boni, 1907. SHAW, STANLEY, William of Germany, New York, Macmillan, 1913. SOKOLVA, LYDIA, Dancing for Diaghilev, New York, Macmillan, 1961. SPEYER, EDWARD, My Life and Friends, London, Cobden-Sanderson, 1937. *STRAUSS, RICHARD, and HOFMANNSTHAL, HUGO VON, tr., Correspondence, London,Collins, 1961. STRAVINSKY, IGOR, Autobiography, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1936. TERRY, ELLEN, The Russian Ballet, London, Sidgwick, 1913. THOMAS, ROSE FAY, Memoirs of Theodore Thomas, New york, Moffat, Yard, 1911. THOMPSON, OSCAR, Debussy, Man and Artist, New York, Dodd, Mead, 1937. TOVEY, DONALD FRANCIS, A Musician Talks, 2 vols., Oxford Univ. Press, 1941. VAN VECHTEN, CARL, 「The Secret of the Russian Ballet」 and 「Igor Stravinsky: A New Composer,」 in Music After the Great War and Other Studies, New York, Schirmer, 1915. WERFEL, ALMA MAHLER, And the Bridge Is Love, New York, Harcourt, 1958. WOOD, SIR HENRY, My Life of Music, London, Gollancz, 1938. MYLIE, I. A. R., The Germans, Indianapolis, Bobbs-Merrill, 1911. *ZWEIG, STEFAN, World of Yesterday, New York, Viking, 1943. 注釋 除非另有說明，所有關於施特勞斯的傳記事實，以及德國樂評人和音樂學家對他的評論的引證都來自Finck。羅蘭、比徹姆、紐曼、馬勒夫人（Werfel）、斯派爾、斯特拉文斯基等人的評論或逸事只有在來源不明顯時才會在上文中單獨列出。幸運的是，1964年，我寫作本書時，正值各大交響樂團慶祝施特勞斯的百年誕辰，令我得以在幾個月內聽遍他的所有重要作品。這些音樂會的節目單也很有用，惟其曇花一現，未列入參考書目。 第七章 權力轉移 參考書目 （第一章列出的書目除外） BIRKENHEAD, EARL OF, Contemporary Personalities, London, Casell, 1924. BIRKENHEAD, SECOND EARL OF, F.E., Earl of Birkenhead, by his son, London, Eyre &Spottiswoode, 1960. BIRRELL, AUGUSTINE, Things Past Redress, London, Faber, 1937. BROCKWAY, FENNER, Inside the Left, London, Allen & Unwin, 1942. BRYCE, JAMES, VISCOUNT, The Hindrances to Good Citizenship（Yale Lectures）, Yale Univ. Press, 1909. CLYNES, JOHN ROBERT, Memoirs, Vol. I, London, Hutchison, 1937. FULFORD, ROGER, Votes for Women, London, Faber, 1957. GARDINER, A.G., Portraits and Portents, New York, Harper, 1926. HERNSHAW, F.J. C., ed., Edwardian England, 1901—10, London, Nisbet, 1933. HOBSON,JOHN ATKINSON,The social problem, London, Nisbet, 1901 HUGHES, EMRYS, Keir Hardie, London, Allen & Unwin, 1956. HYNDMAN, HENRY M., The Record of an Adventurous Life, New York, Macmillan, 1911. JENKINS, ROY, Mr. Balfour’s Poodle, London, Heinemann, 1954. JOHES, THOMAS, Lloyd Gorge, Harvard Univ. Press, 1951. *MASTERMAN, C. F. G., The Condition of England, London, Methuen, 1909. MASTERMAN, LUCY, C. F. G. Masterman: A Biography, London, Nicholson, 1939. *MENDELSSOHN, PETER DE, The Age of Churchill, 1874—1911, London, Thames &Hudson, 1961. NICOLSON, HAROLD, King George the Fifth, London, Constable, 1952. NOWELL-SMITH, SIMON, ed., Edwardian England, 1901—14, Oxford Univ. Press, 1964. PANKHURST, E. SYLVIA, The Suffragette, New York, Sturgis, 1911. ——, The Suffragette Movement（re-issue）, London, Longmans, 1932. POPE-HENNESSY, JAMES, Lord Crewe: The Likeness of a Liberal, London, Constable, 1955. SAMUEL, HERBERT, Grooves of Change（英國書名：Memoirs）, Indianapolis, Bobbs Merrill, 1946. ——, Liberalism, London, Richards, 1902. SOMERVELL, D. C., The Reign of George the Fifthy, New York, Harcourt, 1935. SPENDER, J. A., Life of H. H. Asquith, 2 vols., London, Hutchinson, 1932. TROTTER, WILFRED, Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War, London, Allen & Unwin, 1916（也參見Oxford Uni. Press, 1953, 由F. M. R. Walshe作序） ULLSWATER, VISCOUNT（JAMES LOWTHER）, A Speaker’s Commentaries, 2 vols.,London, Arnold, 1925. WALLAS, GRAHAM, Human Nature in Politics, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1909（also 3rd ed., New York, Knopf, 1921）. WEBB, BEATRICE, Our Partnership, London, Longmans, 1948. WELLS, H. G., Experiment in Autography, New York, macmillan, 1934. WILLIAMS, MRS HWFA（FLORENCE）, It Was Such Fun, London, Hutchinson, 1935. 第八章 饒勒斯之死 參考書目 BALABANOFF, ANGELICA, My life as a Rebel, New York, Harper, 1938. BEER, MAX, The General History of Socialism and Social Struggles, Vol. II, New York,Russell & Russell, 1957. 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